Human Trafficking Good Vs Bad - 1199 Words

Jamison Harper Govt. 2305 Project April 6, 2016 Spring 2016 Human Trafficking: Good vs Bad Introduce The topic I chose to broaden my research on for my project is Human Trafficking. Human trafficking, in my opinion, is a controversial topic to have a discussion on. As a whole, human trafficking is controversial because there are some individuals that do not view trafficking as illegal (different word choice). Some individuals view trafficking as legal. Later on in the paper I will explain in more detail why it is viewed as illegal, legal, and why someone might believe this. My opinion of the history of human trafficking was decreasingly smaller in a sense because not many people knew it was going on or some just pretended that it did not occur. When I was collecting research for my topic over human trafficking I came across an interesting statistic. In the article, The History of Human Trafficking, the statistic states this: As of 2012 (the latest available data on human trafficking), 40,177 cases of trafficking were reported in the 2010-2012 period—and these are only th e known cases. Broken down, it is a total of 13,392 persons trafficked a year; 36 trafficked every day; an average of one person trafficked an hour. 152 nationalities have been trafficked to 124 nations. 49% of the trafficking victims are women, and 33% are children. 21% of total trafficking victims, or 8,437 victims, are young girls. After reading this statistic, it is alarming to know that there areShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media1410 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical views, who are frequent social media users. Social Media: the Bad, the Ugly and the †¦ Social Media is a subject that has captivated the public since its dawn but, now in 2017 with the prominence of internet trolling, fake news, and sex trafficking recruit the world is left wondering, is social media causing more good than harm? I believe that in light of the current state of social media, that there needs to be lawful regulations or restrictionsRead MoreSex Trafficking And The United States1672 Words   |  7 Pagesterm human sex trafficking, they think of heinous acts that take place in other countries where adults, children, girls and boys are exploited to perform sexual acts in exchange for money or goods against their will. They think it typically occurs in places that are less developed than the United States. However, the reality of this horrific crime is that it is taking place in the United States, and it occurs more and more each and every day. Young girls are not solely the victim of human sex traffickingRead MoreIs The Death Penalty Really Necessary?131 6 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning of the growth of the thirteen colonies, to the end product being the United States of America, 15,760 citizens have been executed. Throughout the time span, their methods of executions have gotten more sophisticated, for the good and unfortunately, the bad. The first methods of executions include, but are not limited to: burning on the stake, hangings, or being shot down by a firing squad. The more sophisticated methods include; death by gas in a chamber, electrocution by the electric chairRead MoreEssay on Criminology in the Future3348 Words   |  14 PagesFor example: bank fraud, embezzlement, insurance fraud, tax evasion, wire fraud, insider trading, and economic espionage. All of these crimes are a form of ethics violations. Merriam Webster defines ethic as â€Å"the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation†, â€Å"a set of moral principles: a theory or system of moral values.† Many professions today have a Professional Code of Conduct. The American Bar Association has â€Å"Model Rules of Professional Conduct.† JP MorganRead MoreRealism Theory and Narcoterrorism Essays7379 Words   |  30 Pages However, the word narco-terrorism has more than just one definition. According to the DEA, narco-terrorism is defined as, â€Å"participation of groups or associated individuals in taxing, providing security for, otherwise aiding or abetting drug trafficking endeavors in an effort to further, or fund, terrorist activities.† However, the latest definition of the term narco-terrorism is now defined by the UNSC as â€Å"terrorist groups that rely on narcotics to finance their operations†. While conductingRead MoreThe Movement And Permanent Relocation Of People From One Nation2554 Words   |  11 PagesNorth-American continent after crossing the Bering Strait from Eurasia, to the Western Europeans, who sailed across the ocean and eventually founded the United States, and the more recent wave of arrivals from Latin-American countries, the history of modern humans in North America has been defined by immigration. Since the birth of the United States in 1776, immigration has been one of the country’s main catalysts for social and political change. Every wave of foreign-born settlers have met with social criticismRead MoreComparison Between Brave New World and Our World of Today3007 Words   |  13 Pagesand the ‘perfect’ government. That’s when you get a utopia, but when you flip it and all those ideas of equality and perfection it’s different and is a complete dystopia. Our world that we live in is neither, nothing is of absolute good and nothing is of absolute bad. We live in an unhinged society that keeps us going. Sex, drugs, love, consumerism, family, god, status, and society in general face relentless change and are unalike from everyone’s points of view. You can change everything from placeRead MoreProstitution in India6516 Words   |  27 PagesDevelopment  reported the presence of 2.8 million  sex workers  in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years.[3][4]  The number of prostitutes has doubled in the last decade.[5] According to a  Human Rights Watch  report, Indian anti-trafficking laws are designed to combat commercialized vice; prostitution, as such, is not illegal. A sex worker can be punished for soliciting or seducing in public, while clients can be punished for sexual activity in proximity to a publicRead MoreThe Impact of Production Offshoring on Labor in Developing Countries2917 Words   |  12 Pagesoffshoring involves higher technological requirement, training is often provided to unskilled labor, giving them the opportunities to improve their skills and obtain a higher income and a brighter future prospect. China’s migrant workers provide us a good example. According to China Labor Bulletin, the number of migrant workers in China has increased from 30 million in 1989 to 131.8 million in 2006, most of whom were farmers or children of farmers, trying to improve their life through working in citiesRead MoreProhibition Of The Face Of Drug Prohibition Laws2306 Words   |  10 Pagesscenario of drug prohibition? What can be the benefits of this entire arrangement and who are the major beneficiaries remains a crucial query. The recent outrage in Philippines, the age old war on Drugs led by the US and the billion dollar drug trafficking industry speak of some heinous repercussions of this undemocratic rule of law. In this paper, I discuss the same and more. In the first part of the paper (on a philosophical normative note) I trace the meaning of law and crime- I move forward to

Journal Syllabus - 1109 Words

08 january 2016 (week 1) On the first day of community service class, Lecture explain about community service cause syllabus to improve knowledge student. Beside, lecture also play a videos community service which is to explain about definition of this subject. In the videos, we learn the concept on community service such as what we doing. We feel very happy because in this subject learn about unity which is work together to make people satisfy such as fell happy and enjoyable in real life. 15 january 2016 (week 2) Second class, we are learning concept and ideas about volunteering. We think volunteering is something that someone to doing something for themselves. What we learn after lecture explain is volunteering is an activity or†¦show more content†¦On this day we decided to continue of proposal on Monday 29 february 2016 because we need a lot of time to discus proposal so that our proposal will running smoothly. What we think here is we agree to get some extra classes to correct our project proposal that already choose make it improve such as the activities and duty of working committees. What we gain have is we need to do it together so that we can share information and give our opinions on the activities. 29 february 2016 (week 8) On Monday, we are not having any classes. We go to college to discuss about our project paper. What my team member expected on this day, lecture talk a lot about the activities of the project . we can feel that our lecture wants our project run smoothly and don’t want us make orphans happy and enjoy when we do the activities such as games singing, painting, and else. In this lesson, we learn about must stick together and not just satisfy our self and also must satisfy other. 04 march 2016 (week9) We feel calm on this day because we manage to collect money with amount RM1870. We discuss about how we manage the budget to make our budget balance debit and credit. The all donation we get from students, lectures, parents, staff of college, and other parties. What we expected here is we can divide money in right and logic manner. In all the project proposal the budget will be the important part to run all the programmes and we can start toShow MoreRelatedSyllabus: Corporate Finance and Business Journal/newspaper Article1123 Words   |  5 PagesBUSI K4003 Corporate Finance Syllabus Summer 2012, (Summer Q) Instructor: Brendan Mallee bm2115@columbia.edu Class Time/Location: July 2nd – August 8th MW 6:10-9:30pm / Hamilton Hall 516 Course Description: This course examines important issues in corporate finance from the perspective of financial managers who are responsible for making significant investment and financing decisions. The course is designed to develop critical corporate finance skills including: financial statementRead MoreEssay Atm Assignment3051 Words   |  13 Pages |NO | | |Learning Outcomes tested |Assessment Criteria To achieve each outcome a student must demonstrate the | |(from module syllabus) |ability to: | | |Correctly cite original sourceRead MoreOL 125 Syllabus 11213 Words   |  5 PagesUndergraduate Course Syllabus OL 125: Human Relations in Administration Center: Online Course Prerequisites None Course Description This course explores the human relations and interaction skills necessary for effective human resource management and increased productivity. Skill areas include leadership, motivation, communications, group dynamics, organizational development, management by objectives, and stress and time management. Students learn techniques for becoming more effective managers, subordinatesRead MoreContemporary Issue947 Words   |  4 Pagesresult in satisfied customers, particularly in the services sectors Discuss Notes on writing the essay Content The essay will discuss effective organisational management and its impact on maintaining a satisfied workforce. Use the syllabus as a framework for discussing the various elements of management (functions of management, approaches to management, leadership, motivation, group behaviour, communication, organisational culture, management of change, etc. You must refer throughoutRead More Values Education Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent Queensland Senior Legal Studies Syllabus 2007, which is aimed at assisting individual students to develop the knowledge, attitudes, values and beliefs that will enhance their ability to participate actively as critical members of society; a key aim of Values Education in schools (Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training, 2005). Particularly, the learning experiences and information content that is unique to the Legal Studies syllabus employs the National Framework forRead MoreIntroductory to Online Learning1027 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ How will the assignment be graded? †¢ What are other considerations for completing the assignment well? The purpose of this worksheet is to guide you in â€Å"decoding† any GCU assignment. Assignment Instructions: Review the sample syllabus and sample rubric under the questions below. Then, provide answers underneath the following questions: 1. How do the objectives assist a student in completing the assignment? Objectives assist students by explaining a clear expectationRead MoreTeaching About Technology Within Nursing Programs888 Words   |  4 Pagessupported and free to use new technologies to enhance their teaching strategies† (Fiedler, Giddens, North. 2014. p. 388). Educational literature and up to date articles and journals are helpful when looking to keep abreast of the latest updates and information. Information is now readily available online through journals and other resources for the latest updates, blogs, forums, and communication for any subject. Nursing Informatics is a field that keeping on top of the latest updates, is imperativeRead MoreA Course For Every Doctoral Student Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesencouraged students along the way. One recommendation for the course would be a revision of the syllabus. The syllabus instructions were repetitive and sometimes even confusing. On some assignments, there were conflicting due dates. There was a significant amount of highlighting in different colors, which was distracting. The author preferred to highlight the parts she needed and therefore printed the syllabus in black and white and used the colors appropriate for her needs. Core Course Three: HealthcareRead MoreSystem Analysis and Design1287 Words   |  6 PagesSystem Analysis and Design Syllabus SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Module 1: Data and Information (3) Types of information: operational, tactical, strategic and statutory – why do we need information systems – management structure – requirements of information at different levels of management – functional allocation of management – requirements of information for various functions – qualities of information – small case study. Module 2: Systems Analysis and Design Life Cycle (3) Requirements determinationRead MoreDiscussion Of Syllabus Documents : English Education1739 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish Education 2 Assignment One: Discussion of Syllabus Documents Language is an art form through which shapes our understanding of ourselves and our world. (BOSTES, 2012). It is through language; where human beings are able express their inner thoughts and emotions. Language is defined as the verbal behaviour; gestures, body movement (Pierce Eplin, 1999). The NSW K-10 English Syllabus emphasises that language is central to the intellectual, social, and emotional development of all students

Ethical Issues in Bussiness Networking

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues in Bussiness Networking. Answer: Introduction Business networking is an important aspect in the growth of any business or organization. It is a process through which one is able to establish cordial relationship with new clients and business partners. This can be achieved through face-face interactions, introductions in conferences, meetings or by social networks such as emails, websites, phones or Facebook. Business networking opens doors for new opportunities in your business as well as giving one a chance to market his or her ideas. Networking has numerous benefits to the organization; it helps make new contacts and referrals, keep at per with the new trends, helps in problem solving and also in sharing and obtaining knowledge and experience among other business people. With the increasing rate of business networking the issue of ethics has arisen which needs to be addressed so as to enhance business performance (Halinen and Jokela, p. 341). This paper therefore, discusses various ethical issues surrounding the concept of bus iness networking. Business Ethics Business ethics is a code of conduct that distinguishes wrong from right. It guides how a business should operate and carry out its operations. Business ethics all starts from the point of personal ethics. Honesty and fairness are key in carrying out the operations of a business. Fairness and honesty creates a fair competition while enabling the organization to achieve its objectives and goals. Ethical behavior in a business boosts the sales and profits thereby increasing productivity. It also attracts foreign investors as well as keeping the share price of the company high (Brickley et al., p. 1827). Ethics in Business networks In every business dealings and exchange, ethics has become an important element. Business networking is possible through resource ties, actor bonds and activity links which brings interdependence and therefore the issue of ethical concerns arise. The ties made in networking is expected to last and have some future returns. Due to the close social interaction that occurs in this relationship, then ethically right behavior or norms plays a key role in ensuring the sustainability of the relationship. Having the right ethical behavior can create a healthy and conducive business environment which could in turn be of benefit to the organizations and the created networks hence improving companys performance and competitiveness. Ethics in business networking sets rules and regulations governing on what is wrong and right or the right and wrong behavior in business interaction. There are various issues which are of interest in business exchange and hence should be put into consideration. In n etworking you interact with people of different cultures, social norms and different language. Therefore, ethical issues become a crucial area that need to be addressed in relation to business networking (Aasland, p. 5). Due to increasing environmental problems facing businesses today and the globalization process, ethical issues have also increasingly gone high. Ethics in business can affect the firms characteristics and networks, sharing of the information, operation processes, business exchange and interaction with other stakeholders and the society. Therefore, morally upright attributes such as loyalty, truthfulness, integrity, honest and fair competition are necessary for business networks to have a long-lasting effect (Hkansson and Ford, p. 135). Ethical Theories and their Influence on Business networks Various theories of ethics have been postulated that give moral principles and guidelines on how people should interact in business networks. Deontological, utilitarian and virtue ethics are some ethical perceptives that are in use in business environment today. Deontologists believe that as long as an action conforms to the set ethical norms then its justified to perform it. Utilitarians on the other side believe in the positive outcome of an action (greatest potential utility). Putting into consideration the benefits and costs of an action, it should not harm but have a positive outcome. They also believe that egoistic motivations are a drive to a person acting morally. Therefore, in organization set-up, the individuals would be driven by their urge to maximize their profits and be productive. On the contrary, virtue ethics puts the interests of other people first. It seeks to do good for others. In the supplier relationship for instance, virtue ethics demands equality and justice for each and every involved party despite the fact that the parties are located in different locations (Hunt and Vitell, p. 146). Unethical behavior that may occur in the business networks has been illustrated by the virtue ethics. However, some people have tried to show the inefficiency of the virtue ethics in relation to business relationships. They argue that relational virtues as addressed by this theory is limited and therefore, when assessing its applicability, non-harming consequences of utilitarian theory should be indicated so as to be accommodative to other involved parties. Commitment to a relationship is key in ensuring the networks created lasts over long periods of time. It is morally upright to keep your promise and to be committed to whichever promise you make. Lack of commitment breaks the already established business ties which affects the business performance negatively. Nevertheless, parties can remain committed to a relationship if they know there is a reward to their contribution (Brass et al., p. 20). Normative Ethics in Business networking Normative theories of business ethics are divided into two categories. The consequentialist theories which determines the right and wrong of an action depending on the results obtained from the said action. Non-consequentialist on the other hand determines the rightfulness and wrongness of an action depending on the character of the action or its intrinsic feature. The egoists in the consequential theory determines whether an action is wrong or right based on their own interest. If an action undermines their personal interest, its morally wrong but if it enhances their personal interest its morally right. These are the factors that influence how people interact in business networking. However, since it is voluntary to join a certain business network, one should ask how the network conducts its businesses, either ethically or unethically. Every human activity has an ethical aspect (Hasnas, p. 30). There are three types of business networking influenced by normative theories; Utilitarian networking- its intention is to obtain as much benefits as possible in regards to economic advantages and in achievement of power, safety and protection. Its through business networking one is able to find a new job, contracts and clients. Networking can help also ensure maintenance of customers and in acquisition of useful information (Mel, p. 495). Emotional networking- its main aim is creating a pleasant and conducive relationship with other partners. Linked to what Aristotle termed as friendship for pleasure, and thereby you can find enjoyment and satisfaction from one another. Virtuous networking- looks at the positive ending of the action. It includes willingness of the person to help others in need without being forced. Also, contributing positively to the network gives one a great feeling of satisfaction. Despite all these, networking requires time, effort as well as money (Solomon, p. 1031). Ethical Behavior in Exchange Relationships In urge to answer the question of when is exchange relationship ethical, understanding the concept of fair sharing and the role played by personal and interpersonal relationship, is essential. Ethical behavior and ethics in general have received much attention in relation to exchange relationships. In business networking, there is always exchange of ideas as well as future exchange of products and services. For an ethical relationship to be achieved, some traits are a must. Trust, commitment, equity, fairness, respect, transparency, responsibility and integrity are some of the positive virtues required in networking. Some authors however, believe these virtues as not a necessity of an ethical behavior but believe they are outcomes of ethical behavior. That these attributes are generated by the fact that an individual is ethically upright. Despite the fact that ethical behavior in business interactions means abstaining or refraining from the opportunistic behavior, the organizations o nly does so when they can benefit. And so, many organizations aim at safeguarding their interest at the expense of fair exchange (Gundlach and Murphy, p. 40). Distributive justice which is an aspect of virtue theory puts more emphasis on fairness in the ethical exchange behavior. In business networking, the involved parties express their views in order to achieve an amicable decision making process. Therefore, procedural justice also comes in as it ensures there is fairness in the integration process of the views expressed by the parties (Luo, p. 347). Unethical Behavior in Business network Setting. For a successful networking process, some ethical attributes such as sharing goals and resources, acting in good faith and in acceptable manner are essential. Otherwise, the unethical behavior such as misuse of power, abuse of trust, opportunism as well bringing harm to other parties, will affect business networking negatively. Misuse of trust or acting in bad faith is whereby an entrepreneur is in networking process but his intention is to take advantage rather than respecting legitimate norms of the network. Hiding relevant information from other parties with the aim of taking advantage of them as well as leaking information are bad virtues. These unethical behavior affects interactions in the business sector (Zuber, p. 162). Significance of Ethical Behavior Ethical behavior plays a vital role in the sustainability of business networks. Ethical behavior ensures companies interact well and thereby reaping maximum benefits from each other. Its important for each and every involved party to act morally right since the parties involved are divergent having different views and interests. Given the divergent nature that comes with networking, its prudent to put concerns of every person at heart. In exchange relationships, ethical norms have been emphasized as the governance mechanism. Business networking is established with an aim of continuity. To take the performance of your organization to a higher level. This is only possible if both parties act ethically and therefore, relationship continuation and future positive outcomes would be guaranteed (Trevio et al., p. 650). Does Ethical Behavior Contribute to Competitiveness or Does Competition Destroy Ethical Behavior? Competition in businesses can either be positive or negative. In the field of business networking competition can be seen as unethical and sometimes people refer to such scenarios as greed for power. Other authors however view market competition as an ethical act contrary to the believe of many. Ethical behavior is encouraged in business networking as well as in other societal sectors so as to promote peaceful co-existence and improve performance. Many companies and organizations have come to realization that ethical behavior is not only a moral obligation but also a smooth process of conducting business hence having a true competitive advantage. Unethical behavior usually affects the performance of competitors. In this world of changing technology and rapid innovation, sharing of information and knowledge becomes a critical issue. In a business network composed of competitive industries, the issue of information leakage becomes critical. Also the issue of equal contribution so as to avoid free-rider problems amongst the parties is a critical area that needs to be addressed ethically (Kulik et al., p. 715). Factors that Affects Ethical Behavior in Business networking Many individuals desire to be morally upright with few exceptions of course. However, some factors may affect ethical behavior observed in a person. Stages of moral development may contribute to how a person behaves at a specific stage. Research shows that at every successive stage, moral judgement of an individual deteriorates. During the pre-conventional stage, an individual upholds the set rules and regulations so as to avoid the punishment that may appear in the event that he or she doesnt adhere to them. The person also only follows the rules, if its of immediate interest to him. In the conventional stage, a person lives to please people close to him and only fulfills the obligations to which he had promised. In the last stage-the principled stage, an individual values rights of others and respects them despite what the majority or the society may feel. A person also follows ethical principles which he believes are right despite the fact they may be against the law. Therefore, d epending on which stage a person is, he will behave differently. Individual characteristics due to different beliefs and view of what is right and wrong, individual strengths, ego and locus of control are also determinants of how a person will ethically behave (Aragon, p. 25). Creating Value through Ethical Behavior in Business networks Ethicalness is vital in value creation. The main reason why organizations prefer networking, its because they can increase value of their products through different views from other parties. Morally upright ethics ensures great performance and satisfaction to every party involved and eventually there is a possibility of value accruing. The idea of distributional justice in networking enhances fairness in sharing and exchange of information and thereby improving partners commitment to each other, avoids opportunism and lessens need for monitoring and relational risk. On the other hand, unfair treatment causes division amongst themselves causing conflicts thereby weakening incentives to ethical behavior. Questions always arise on whether a business network expressing high ethical standards in its operations can out do an unethically operating network. However, despite the fact that some organizations can misuse power and abuse other trusts as well as perform all other unethical behavio r so as to succeed and outdo others, a network where there is fairness will grow together (Johnson et al., p.1150). An ethically operating network also has a good reputation. Having a good reputation can attract other quality partners hence improving on your business operations. It can also enhance the existing relationships enabling the involved organizations achieve their goals and objectives. It important however, for every member to involve themselves in ethical practices since unethical practice of one member can tarnish the image of the whole network (Cravens et al., p. 209). Conclusion Ethics plays a major role in the interaction of organizations. Ethical behavior in business networking, improves the performance for the whole chain of networks. It also creates value for its employees through satisfaction of their needs and creating a positive ethical reputation. References Aasland, D.G., 2004. On the ethics behind business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1), pp.3-8. Aragon, A., AlDoubi, S., Kaminski, K., Anderson, S.K. and Isaacs, N., 2014. Social networking: Boundaries and limits part 1: Ethics. TechTrends, 58(2), p.25. Brass, D.J., Butterfield, K.D. and Skaggs, B.C., 1998. Relationships and unethical behavior: A social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), pp.14-31. Brickley, J.A., Smith Jr, C.W. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2002. Business ethics and organizational architecture. Journal of Banking Finance, 26(9), pp.1821-1835. Cravens, K., Oliver, E.G. and Ramamoorti, S., 2003. The Reputation Index: Measuring and Managing Corporate Reputation. European Management Journal, 21(2), pp.201-212. Gundlach, G.T. and Murphy, P.E., 1993. Ethical and legal foundations of relational marketing exchanges. The Journal of Marketing, pp.35-46. Hkansson, H. and Ford, D., 2002. How should companies interact in business networks? Journal of business research, 55(2), pp.133-139. Halinen, A. and Jokela, P., 2016. Exploring Ethics in Business Networks: Propositions for Future Research. In Extending the Business Network Approach (pp. 333-356). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hasnas, J., 1998. The normative theories of business ethics: A guide for the perplexed. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(01), pp.19-42. Hunt, S.D. and Vitell, S.J., 2006. The general theory of marketing ethics: A revision and three questions. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), pp.143-153. Johnson, J.P., Korsgaard, M.A. and Sapienza, H.J., 2002. Perceived fairness, decision control, and commitment in international joint venture management teams. Strategic Management Journal, 23(12), pp.1141-1160. Kulik, B.W., OFallon, M.J. and Salimath, M.S., 2008. Do competitive environments lead to the rise and spread of unethical behavior? Parallels from Enron. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(4), pp.703-723. Luo, Y., 2009. From gain-sharing to gain-generation: The quest for distributive justice in international joint ventures. Journal of International Management, 15(4), pp.343-356. Mel, D., 2009. The practice of networking: An ethical approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 90, pp.487-503. Solomon, R.C., 2004. Aristotle, ethics and business organizations. Organization Studies, 25(6), pp.1021-1043. Trevio, L.K., den Nieuwenboer, N.A. and Kish-Gephart, J.J., 2014. (Un) ethical behavior in organizations. Annual review of psychology, 65, pp.635-660. Zuber, F., 2015. Spread of unethical behavior in organizations: A dynamic social network perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 131(1), pp.151-172.

Theme of Personal Obsession in The Emperor’s Babe and Purple Hibiscus Essay Example

Theme of Personal Obsession in The Emperor’s Babe and Purple Hibiscus Essay Both the stories in question have a female, colored protagonist. The two central characters Zuleika and Kambili are also similarly aged – it is their teenage years that are being explored. Even before they reach adulthood they go through enormous upheavals in their lives. Moreover, their stories fit into a colonial discourse with attendant features of cultural displacement, social alienation and economic exploitation. There is yet another interesting similarity between the two heroines, namely, their personal obsessions. But the objects of their obsessions are not the same. Likewise, secondary characters in the two stories have obsessions of their own. This essay endeavors to show how there are a range of psychological dispositions among various characters which account for their obsessions and how the authors’ own obsessions bear upon them. The Emperor’s Babe is a fresh and vivid verse narrative of a young woman in Ancient Rome. Born into poverty and slavery, she is married off (or rather sold off) when she was merely eleven to a wealthy patrician a few times her age. Despite constraints to her liberty and growth from all sides, Zuleika yet manages to assert her individuality. It is perhaps due to these powerful extraneous forces acting on her life that she sought refuge in an inner sanctum. This clinging manifests as obsessions of various sorts. For one, her insecurities made her a little aggressive towards others. Aggression expressed regularly betrays an underlying obsession with insecurity. This aggression is also manifest in her sexual behavior, whereby, her attractiveness and youth serves as a source of empowerment over men. As the short and eventful life of the adolescent girl unfolds through Evaristo’s lyrical prose, more dimensions to her heroine’s obsessions are unraveled. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Personal Obsession in The Emperor’s Babe and Purple Hibiscus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Personal Obsession in The Emperor’s Babe and Purple Hibiscus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Personal Obsession in The Emperor’s Babe and Purple Hibiscus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Zuleika’s father Anlamani is obsessed with his own position in society. He sees an opportunity to climb up the social ladder by marrying his beautiful daughter to a person of prestige. The person he has in mind is Mr. Felix, a wealthy aristocrat of the Roman Empire. He is quite older to Zuleika (who was just 11 at the time of being betrothed). Anlamani resorts to a menially worded marriage offer to Mr. Felix. For example, he says, â€Å"Si, Mr. Felix. Zuleika very obediens girl, sir. / No problemata, she make very optima wife, sir.† (Evaristo, p.27) This pitch from Anlamani makes it clear that his daughter’s well being is secondary compared to his own selfish motive. Likewise, Felix is a man with his own obsessions. In his case he is obsessed with power. Having a pretty young wife would add to his prestige. He can show her off in his social circles as a trophy wife. That he is obsessed with power and prestige is evident in his response to Anlamaniâ€⠄¢s offer of marriage: â€Å"I intend to make this my far-western base/ and I need to warm my home with a wife./ I am a man of multiple interests: a senator,/ military man, businessman, I undertake/ trading missions for the government,/ and I’m a landowner.† (Evaristo, p.29) Kambili is obsessed over her relationship with Father Amadi. She falls in love with him. Although the Father also loves her, he could not consummate his love due to his commitments to Church and community. Her love is expressed overtly and covertly on a few occasions. As Zambilii says wittily â€Å"People have crushes on priests all the time, you know. It’s exciting to have to deal with God as a rival.† (Adichie, p.89) However, Kambili’s obsessive love for Father Amadi pales in comparison to the religious obsession of her own father Eugene. Kambili’s father, Papa as she calls him, is very possessive of his son and daughter. He imposes his authority on them to even the smallest detail. In other words he is obsessive of his son and daughter to the extent of being a control freak. For example, â€Å"Papa sat down at the table and poured his tea from the china tea set with pink flowers on the edges. I waited for him to ask Jaja and me to take a sip, as h e always did. A love sip, he called it, because you shared the little things you loved with the people you love.† (Adichie, p.59) Although Papa Eugune thinks he is expressing his love in this fashion, in reality he is stifling the autonomy and individuality of them both. What makes matters worse for Kambili is that she does not find her father’s obsession to be malign. In fact, she is so used to it that she feels that it is the norm. Having been so accustomed to obeying the dictates of her father, Kambili possessed little sense of independent judgement during her time with her parents. As evident in the above quote from the novel, her main concern was getting praise from her father by waiting for his orders before sipping tea. She would dare not break this tradition irrespective of her how she feels personally about the practice. But the truth is that Papa Eugene did not love his children as had believed. It is perhaps his strict adherence to orthodox religious practices that has made him outlook blinkered and his thinking one-dimensional. His obsession had also made him prone to fits of rage. For example, â€Å"Things started to fall apart at home when my brother, Jaja, did not go to communion and Papa flung his heavy missal across the room and broke the figurines on the etagere.† (Adichie, p.112) Hence author Bernardine Adichie carves up a variety of obsessions in Purple Hibiscus. Not only are these obsessive behaviour patterns realistically portrayed, they also fit into the plot, theme and perspectives of the author. We can see how the theme of obsession is common to the two books. Both authors – Bernardine Evaristo and Chimamanda Adichie use it in slightly different perspectives. For Evaristo, the context was obsessions that were manifest in the milieu of ancient imperialism. For Adichie, it is the backdrop of postcolonial Nigeria in which different characters play out their obsessions. We cannot make a judgment as to which of the two preoccupations is salient to the student of literature. This is so because obsession has its basis in neurosis and is a common human trait. The two authors seem to draw from the fact that obsession is fundamental to human makeup. It is perhaps due to the universality of this trait, that the reader can immediately relate or recognize the motivations and implications of obsessive behavior in the two novels.

Ashamed

Ashamed A while back I approached C Hope and asked, â€Å"If you could special order your next article for FFW, what would it be about and when would you need it She replied, â€Å"I cannot begin to tell you the perfect article unless it was I’ve been reading the FundsforWriters newsletter and absorbing C Hope’s advice for nearly 20 years. I should have known better before sending the first email. I was brazen, albeit dumb, enough to send yet another. â€Å"You answered exactly what I asked, but what I really wanted to know is what kind of article could I write for you? Im basically asking for an assignment. I realize you dont typically do that, so Im kind of asking you to push the boundaries a bit because Im special and you love me?† I said those words! She responded (I suspect she rolled her eyes while doing so), â€Å"I cant begin to tell you what to write for FFW. I depend on writers relying upon their strengths to pitch the right pieces.† I know the types of articles that comprise the FFW newsletter. I have developed a relationship with C Hope over the years. I hold her in the highest regard and respect her implicitly. She pours her entire heart and soul into helping her readers succeed. It is because I know this, I am ashamed of my actions. It is why I decided to write this, even though it isn’t the â€Å"perfect† article she described. I learned three vital lessons. BE A PROFESSIONAL Whether you have been reading FFW for a week, or a decade, you are reading it because your goal is writing for money given the title of the newsletter is â€Å"FundsforWriters.† Writing for money, means you are running your own business. Unless your niche is business writing, it can be easy to slip into a conversational tone when sending queries and emails. When it concerns your writing business, keep correspondence professional. DON’T ABUSE YOUR NETWORK One of the golden rules in business †¦ in life, is to network. It is equally as important not to abuse your network. It is acceptable to ask questions or for guidance in their area of expertise. It is okay to ask for a special favor occasionally. It is never okay to say, â€Å"I’m asking you to push the boundaries a bit because I’m special/new/learning/don’t know what to do/know you.† TAKE YOURSELF SERIOUSLY The internet is inundated with ezines, newsletters, blogs, coaches, consultants, and advisors. Glean knowledge from these sources to build your writing business. FFW has printed numerous articles on the importance of queries, pitches and writers’ guidelines. Had I been taking myself seriously, I would never have sent the email. I would have gone to the website and searched the archives and the writers’ guidelines. Be willing to research. Be willing to put in the elbow grease. Take responsibility. Own your process. Don’t end up ashamed.

COLLEGE ESSAY WRITING SERVICES made for Your Needs

COLLEGE ESSAY WRITING SERVICES made for Your Needs Studying at college or university and getting diploma is considered one of the largest achievements in life. Sometimes it is hard to grasp all the necessary information. Writing is a great part of educational process. Achieving good marks in different types of writing is important job. But you need help with your college paper, you must know that the help is here. Our college essay writing services are made to help students with all types of academic writing assignments. Our professional team of writers are stand by 24/7 in order to deliver good quality papers. Another great benefit of using our online services is the affordable price. Studying at college and handing in all written works on time is made possible.   When a paper is needed, go ahead and talk to the Customer Support services. They will be able to answer your questions 24/7. Order placements just takes minutes. The completed paper is being emailed to you according to the existing order deadline. Getting help with your academic writing is easy.

Health People of 2020 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health People of 2020 - Essay Example This group also shared four of its greatest disparities with the Hispanic population; drug-induced deaths, cirrhosis deaths, new tuberculosis cases, and deaths from poisoning (Chu, 2004). Potential causes of these health disparities The health disparities are unbalanced and have direct links to the history and current unequal distribution of political, economic, social and the environmental resources. Historically, the acceptance of different groupings in the United States population has frequently been marked by discrimination, disparate treatment, and hostility, providing a solid cause for concern on the health of minorities. The earliest racial and ethnic disparities developed between the original American Indian inhabitants of the continent and the then European colonists. Although the natives split into several racial and ethnic groups for many reasons, the colonialists and their governments employed a logical difference between them and the natives, lumping together of the Alas ka Native and American Indian populations that still finds its value used in government statistics (Koh, 2010). According to Thomas, the requisite importation of slaves from the American colonies of Africa led to a third racial or ethnic group. The definition of this group has changed with time as it is also in other countries, like Brazil and South Africa. The United States detained for several centuries later to a rule of hypodescent, making any African or African American genealogy identifiable as a black.

Business Strategy Report of Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc Essay

Business Strategy Report of Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that The Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc also known as RBSG is an international company dealing in banking and financial services. The company offers a wide range of products as well as services and serves the commercial, personal along with the large institutional and corporate customers. The Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc tends to operate through its subsidiary named the royal bank and the National Westminster Bank Plc also referred to as NatWest. Some of the financial services offered by the Bank include commercial banking, investment banking, and services of wealth management. The bank offers the product through its various brands like RBS, Direct Line, NatWest, Churchill, Ulster Bank, Coutts and the Citizens. The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) forms it’s headquartered in Edinburgh and serves about 30million customers in Europe, UK, and America, Middle East and also Asia and employees about 130,000 staffs glob ally. Some of the major product and services of RBS includes, credit cards, insurance products, retail issue charge card and service offered by the Bank are foreign exchange finance, money market, deposit and investment, treasury services, electronic services, insurance, loans, development along with other services and information technology operations. The banking and financial sector has encountered unprecedented change and turmoil globally. Failure of some of the renowned financial leader like the Lehman Brothers had focused attention towards interconnected debt. Credit along with interbank liquidity had frozen across the globe and it was since then the government across the globe has been pumping money in order to bail out the failing banks in order to normalize the activities of the financial institution and prevent meltdown down of the global financial system.

Ethical Dilemma Faced in Combat Essay Example for Free

Ethical Dilemma Faced in Combat Essay When two primary values are conflicting there should be a good ethics code to serve as an arbiter. Ethical dilemma is therefore said to arise when there are two primary values conflicting in an individual for example a solider is supposed to be with his family but at the same time he is required to protect the government from enemies and enforce laws. During work he must choose between killing the enemy to protect the state or have mercy on the enemy at the expense of state security. The solider now is having a series of conflicting principles should he be at home with his family or not, if he is on duty should he attack and kill the enemy or should he leave his nation to be conquered? Ethical dilemma is therefore defined as the conflict between two important ethical values or perspectives, for example conflict between ones professional values and personal values, or it may be the conflict between the values held by different people (Cohen 2007). Ethical dilemma involving two people with different perspectives is typical between a doctor and a patient where the patient feels he is having the right not to take medication but the doctor feels that professionally he is entitled to prevent his patient from making this decision that may harm his life. For the US combats it is the professional value conflicting the personal value for example should they kill or not and if so what are the possible consequences. Further on the soldiers are supposed to be with their families but they cannot because they are somewhere in Iraq, Sudan, Israel and other parts of the world keeping peace or protecting the state from possible enemies like the alqueda terrorist group. Combats are the military personnel that are trained by the US military defense section to provide both physical and ideological services needed to fight any enemy of the state. With continued increase in global insecurity these combats are trained to deal with the enemy in the most brutal way possible even if it means killing the enemy. This kind of training makes the solders to develop poor ethical relations with other people more so anybody thought to be an enemy of the federal government will not be treated with any dignity by the combats. These people are always prone to great violations of human bioethical values because many a times they are killed mercilessly in cold blood. The US military ethics and standards of conduct, gives guidelines to military personnel including the combats on the codes of conduct and military ethics to be followed to the letter by any personnel. Violation of the US punitive military provision by any personnel may result to the prosecution of the offender under â€Å" The Uniform Cord of Military justice†. The US combats together with other service groups are supposed to direct their service and support to engage the US’s enemy in fight and offer state security at all costs. They are always organized to operate as a single unit under a one commander who is entitled to give orders on how to combat the enemy as well as how to protect the state at the same time. Within this unit there are the military doctors who are responsible for the wounded or sick combats but within the military medical ethics. The ethical values to be upheld by the combats are honesty, integrity, accountability, fairness, loyalty, respect, caring and promise keeping to the state fellow combats and the citizens. This applies to all the combats from the commander to juniors including the military medical officer. However studies have revealed that â€Å"Mixed Agency† and â€Å"conflicting loyalty† is as common in combats as it is in civilians with malicious combats justifying their acts to protection of the state leaving the straight forward ones in ethical dilemmas since they have to be loyal to the state, they have to kill (Beam 2005). The ethical dilemmas facing the combats include conflict in military ethics and health ethics, bioethics, human psychological ethics as well as military medical ethics. Therefore the combats are left in huge dilemmas on how to address each specific value with respect to their professional ethics that is the military ethics. One of the commanders in Iraq was reported to have accepted that actually in the battlefield they were at dilemma not with the bioethical value of the enemy or the civilians but also amongst the combats themselves. He said that it is actually it was not a simple matter to kill or to be killed, however the soldiers have to think about their fellow soldiers, their country and the reason why they have gone for war. If the leave the enemy to kill their fellow soldiers because they sympathize with the enemy, the soldiers are considered compromising the military ethics. If they kill the enemy they are considered war criminals before the law concerned with international human rights. The soldier are then expected to protect the interests of their fellow soldier and their nation but without compromising the interest of the civilians in war torn nations or the interest of the war lords they fight with for example the taliban group in Iraq. However those feeling the pinch of the dilemma here are the commanders, they have to put soldiers to battle knowing very well that deaths will occur but there is nothing they can do because they will do everything within their powers to save the lives of the soldiers the can not accomplish the mission. Continued war all over the world sees the combats being sent to various destinations this has by far added greater dimensions to the combat’s ethical dilemmas. With increased injuries and deaths the soldiers do not know where to start and end because the dilemma now is actually seen in their lives versus the profession. The US military ethics does not offer any guideline on whether to withhold treatment from soldiers with severe brain injuries or not, the military doctors are the in turn faced with a very complicated moral and ethical dilemma. Here the doctor must choose between treating the worst and disturbing wounds he has ever seen or to let his fellow soldier to die in the battlefields like Iraq. In these situations the military doctor are obsessed with keeping the wounded soldiers alive even if the wound is so serious something they would not have done in US. The military ethics back in US calls for immediate termination of life in such cases or an amputation if any of the limbs is involved, but in the war tone Iraq the military doctors are doing exactly the opposite of what is expected of them. Recently heated debates were witnessed across the states to discuss the position of women in US combat many people were against the view that females should be part of the team while others were supporting it by citing the great roles played by German women to fight the Nazi wars in the post war Germany. However the main ethical dilemma facing the women is to choose between going to war to protect their nation from enemies or to remain at home to care for the family. But if they go to war will they be safe in regard to their male counter pats in issues regarding sexual harassments and equality. To avoid these dilemmas there should be a well-defined ethics code to guard everybody getting involved with the soldiers for example there should be a specific line to differentiate military ethics and Bioethics or military ethics and medical ethics. The soldiers should adopt military role specific ethic which only favor military interest exclusively and the medical ethics should also be exclusive to patients. No mixing up agency should occur in the different values. When it comes to killing for example its a military ethics that a soldier whom is expected to be injured to recover should be shot dead, a soldier who betrays the federal government should also face the same but what of bioethics, is really right to kill? The soldiers should therefore be vigilant not to act inhumanly, they should learn to be flexible in their actions not to be influenced by fellow soldiers or even the state but should consider the values of the people they meet in war. The combats should also develop the skills of listening and learning from the mistakes made in the past by them or colleagues to avoid making any further errors. They should also learn to make their own decisions regardless of the unexpected situations they encounter in the battlefields and act accordingly with regard to military ethics and other moral ethics.

Toxicology in the Criminal Justice System Essays -- Forensic Science,

Forensic science has been a significant aspect of the criminal justice system for centuries. With the flourishing determination to develop forensic science throughout the years, advancements have led to the development of many significant sciences, including toxicology. Understanding and studying the adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems has proven to be a necessary force in the criminal justice system. By exploring new theories in toxicology, successes and failures throughout the historical progression of this science has led to incredible strides in crime investigation and a promise for a more proficient future in toxicological studies. Forensic Science Since the inception of history, forensic science has been fully perused. The development of understanding of science and how it can apply to legal matters has been a necessary force in society and the interest of the criminal justice field. Since the 1950s, the fascinating marriage of science with criminal justice has led to amazing developments in the handling of the age-old burden of crime. One of the major contributions to the successful progression of forensic science is the commencement of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1950. The goal of this organization was to bring multi-disciplinary professionals together for the purpose of seeking the continued advancement of science for the benefit of the legal system (American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 2010). In doing so, this organization propelled a unique focus on forensic science for the future of criminal justice. Another major contribution to the advancement of forensic science was the discovery of the Kidd blood grouping system by F. H. Allen and colleagues in 1951. This blood group ... ...rol Policy (2000). Drug-related crime. Retrieved from http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/crime/index.html. Ramsland, K. (2004). Forensic toxicology. Criminal Mind, Retrieved from http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/forensics/toxicology/4.html. Rawat, A., Gust, K., Deng, Y., Garcia-Reyero, N., & Quinn, M. (2008). Computational toxicology - a state of the science mini review. Toxicological Sciences, 103(1), Retrieved from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/1/14.full. Rudin, N., & Inman, K. (2002). Forensic science timeline. Retrieved from http://www.forensicdna.com/Timeline020702.pdf. Saferstein, R. (2009). Criminalistics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Society of Toxicology (2008). Society of toxicology strategic plan. Retrieved from http://www.toxicology.org/ai/asot/SOTStrategicPlan.pdf.

How the State Profits from War Essay

One of the most enduring misconceptions in economics is that war is beneficial to the economy (Moffatt, n. pag. ). This myth was further perpetuated by the economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman, who wrote: â€Å"Ghastly as it may seem, (the destruction of the World Trade Center) could even do some economic good†¦ the driving force behind the economic slowdown has been a plunge in business investment. Now, all of a sudden, we need some new office buildings† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). Indeed, bad economics reign in moments of crisis and or panic, when people are desperate for solutions. To refute the alleged benefits of the â€Å"War Economy,† critiques use the â€Å"fallacy of the broken window† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). When a vandal throws a brick through a shop’s window and the shop’s owner has to spend, say, $200 for the window’s repair, the people will think that the defacer has given a positive contribution to society. After all, the repair of the broken window meant an â€Å"instant boost in employment and economic activity† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). But what these short-sighted citizens didn’t know was that the $200 that was spent on fixing the window could have been used in ventures that might have advanced the shop owner’s enterprise. Unfortunately, proponents of the â€Å"War Economy† assumed that â€Å"(since) a broken window can stimulate the economy, (it must be better) when literally thousands of them are broken† (Tracinski, n. pag. ). For them, wars are crucial for the survival of modern economies (Cline, n. pag. ). â€Å"War Economy† advocates believed that almost every industry is involved with providing goods and services to the armed forces (uniforms, food, medicines, weapons manufacturing, etc. ). Hence, should war be eliminated, these businesses, particularly technology and manufacturing, will fold up. Another argument of the backers of the â€Å"War Economy† is that it is the fastest solution to an economic slump (Moffatt, n. pag. ). When the economy is undergoing recession, production is low and people are spending less than usual. But when the government goes into war, it will need weapons and equipment for its soldiers. Economic activity is therefore expected to increase due to the rise both in government spending and the private sector’s business transactions with the miliatry. Corporations will scramble for contracts that will allow them to supply uniforms, vehicles and bombs to the army. These companies will have to hire more workers to keep up with the increase in demand, lowering the unemployment rate in the process. There are even some workers who will be employed to replace those who volunteered as reservists abroad. Since the unemployment rate is decreased, consumers will spend more again. Increased consumption, in turn, will boost the retail sector. At the end of the day, there will be overall economic growth, thanks to the government preparing for war. However, critics contended that the above-mentioned projected economic advancement is at the expense of helpless civilians from Third World countries (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). In 2002, annual global military expenditures were estimated to be more than $800 billion (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). The United States was at the top of this list, spending $343. 2 billion yearly (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Canada earned more than $3 million from selling weapons in the same year (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). According to the United Nations Platform for Action Committee – Manitoba (UNPAC-Manitoba) article The Economics of War (n. d. ), â€Å"a large part of the economies of all of the world’s wealthiest countries derives from the sale of weapons† (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). From 1996 to 2000, the US exported $54 billion worth of arms – 45% of the total amount of weapons that was exported around the world (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Russia came second at $21 billion (17%), followed by France ($11 billion or 9%), the United Kingdom ($8 billion or 7%) and Germany ($6 billion or 5%) (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). As a result, says the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2002, 500,000 firearm-related deaths occur annually (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Each year, land mines kill 15,000-20,000 children and adults (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). Iraq’s cancer rates rose to 700% between 1991 and 1994 due to chemical weapons, while 86 million people have perished in hostilities after World War II (http://www. unpac. ca, n. pag. ). The Iraq war in 2003 was the latest example of how the US turned war into a money-making venture. It was â€Å"rooted in the logic of global monopoly capital, specifically American capitalism, to expand into an empire† (Barona, 33). Despite being packaged as a â€Å"terrorist war,† (to instill fear among detractors) it was brought about by the globalization policies of American multinational companies, particularly the US oil industry and the military-industrial complex (MIC) (Barona, 33). Iraq is one of the world’s biggest oil reserves – it, along with other OPEC countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, has 79% of the world’s total oil supply (__________, 16). For the US to have unlimited access to Iraq’s oil, it simply had to remove Saddam Hussein, a staunch US opponent, from power. Back home, the US economy was sustained by military spending – the injection of fresh capital was necessary to revive an economy that would continue to deteriorate if left to the â€Å"free market† (Barona, 33). But the Iraq war proved to be disastrous for the US economy. The US spends $200 million daily just to be able to continue its military operations in Iraq (Wolk, n. pag. ). Even if the US finally decides to pull its troops out of Iraq â€Å"within another three years, total direct and indirect costs to US taxpayers will likely by more than $400 billion†¦the total economic impact at up to $2 trillion† (Wolk, n. pag. ). Economist and Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz (a well-known castigator of the Iraq war) claimed that the total cost of US military intervention in Iraq is a â€Å"staggering $1 trillion to $2 trillion, including $500 billion for the war and occupation and up to $300 billion in future health care costs for wounded troops† (Wolk, n. pag. ). Stiglitz added that further expenses include â€Å"a negative impact from the rising cost of oil and added interest on the national debt† (Wolk, n. pag. ). These astronomically huge sums of money came from taxes – funds that should have been diverted to basic social services such as education, health and housing. While ordinary American citizens were suffering from the economic catastrophe brought about by the Iraq war, a few individuals and corporations cahsed in on the said conflict. In 2007, Lockheed Martin (the leading weapons manufacturer in the US) had a profit increase of 22% (Scheer, n. pag. ). In the same year, the profits of its competitors Northrop Grumman and General Dynamics rose by 62% and 22%, respectively (Scheer, n. pag. ). Boeing’s profits, meanwhile, increased by 61% (Scheer, n. pag. ). Below are some personalities who were said to have also profitted from the Iraq War: a) Former US President George W. Bush, Sr. – Shareholder and former Senior Advisor in the Carlyle Group, a defense contractor with ties to the Saudi royal family and the Bin Ladens. b) Former Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci – Member of the RAND Board of Trustees and co-chair of the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy Advisory Board. Also the chairman of the Carlyle Group. c) Former Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury James Baker – Former Carlyle Senior Counselor. d) White House Budget Advisor Richard Darman – Carlyle Managing Director e) US Vice President Dick Cheney – Head of Halliburton Co. , an oil enterprise that traded with Libya and Iran through foreign subsidiaries (Lynch, n. pag. ). Thanks to the hysteria brought about by the â€Å"War on Terrorism† and the Iraq war, taxpayers were swindled into funding the â€Å"War Economy† that made millionaires out of Bush and his ilk. And as long as the absurd propaganda of â€Å"The War on Terrorism† and the Iraq war continues to exist, ordinary Americans will spend their entire lives paying taxes not for basic social services, but as a â€Å"tribute† to Bush and his sort for them to be able to live like kings. Works Cited â€Å"The Oil Equation in the US Bid against Iraq. † Education for Development October 2002: 15-16. Barona, Caesar.â€Å"Technology, Power and the ‘War against Terrorism. ‘†The National Guilder July 2002: 32-33. Cline, Austin. â€Å"Economic Benefits of War. † n. d. About. com. 18 February 2008 . Lynch, Colum. â€Å"Firms Iraq Deals Greater Than Cheney Has Said. † 23 June 2001. Global Policy Forum. 19 February 2008 . Moffatt, Mike. â€Å"Are Wars Good for the Economy? † n. d. About. com 18 February 2008 .

How Women Are Portrayed in Lynx and Cosmo Essay

‘Men act and women appear. Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at’ – John Berger, ‘Ways of seeing’. For my research investigation I intend to explore to what extent specific media products use similar representations of women to appeal to their target audiences. The examples I have chosen to focus on are the iconic, international women’s fashion and lifestyle magazine ‘Cosmopolitan’ and Lynx’s controversial ‘beach campaign’. I will therefore be exploring what similarities and differences they embed due to their oppositional target audiences and content. Throughout my research the main theory I will be linking to my texts is that of Laura Mulvey, her theory explores ideas of sexism and male gaze within the media industry. Hearst the publisher of Cosmopolitan describes the magazine’s target audience as ‘Fun, Fearless Females’, the alliteration of the ‘F’ sound connotes a sense of attitude and fierce behaviour. Alongside the brand proposition ‘celebrates†¦a passion for life and inspires young women to be the best they can be’ consciously supporting women by portraying a sense of empowerment and ambition. In contrast, Unilever, owners of the Lynx brand state their brand prospect is that all their products are ‘designed to give our customers the edge in the mating game’ establishing itself as ‘UK’s leading male grooming brand!’. Cosmopolitan are iconic for telling their audience about two main topics; lifestyle and sex. Just by looking at the magazine covers, it is clear that these two topics dominate. I researched the April 2012 cover of Cosmopolitan, it follows the generic conventions of a typical magazine format for a women’s fashion and lifestyle magazine. In terms of the colour scheme – the pink fonts and neutral clothing convey a sense of femininity and perhaps the everyday domestic lifestyle of women, although the lifestyle aspect of the magazine seems overpowered by the topic of sex. The cover features an attractive women – in this case the iconic Megan Fox, posing some mildly alluring body language, showing a lot of skin, all whilst looking directly at the camera (audience) with a sexy, serious facial expression with the eyebrow promiscuously raised, and suggestive parted lips. Although the model is simply posing the latest fashion, the low cut, tightly fitting dress connotes an over sexualised view of the celebrity who is universally known as a sex symbol in the media world, taking her place in FHM’s sexiest women each year and continuously playing the role of the sexy female in various popular films. It is clear that Cosmopolitan use bold sexual connotations surrounding women, although argue that their intentions are in fact to empower women through their sexuality. Notice the models strong body language , the hand on hip look used alongside taglines such as ‘Naughty or nice? You decide†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, and sexual puns are even added in regarding none sexual subjects such as career advice ‘You on top’, these are bold sexual connotations implying that woman should dominate to get what they want, mostly regarding the topic of sex. Perhaps fighting the controversial debate of sexism towards women in media by surprisingly embracing La ura Mulvey’s theory of ‘male gaze’. Cosmo put across the idea that if men find women attractive then it should accredit them by making them feel good about themselves, knowing that they look sexy and attractive. The magazine are conscious to do this in a sophisticated manor, opposed to other trashy and over sexualised magazines. Mediaknowall.com state that ‘Women’s magazines have moved on and offer visions of independence and confidence as well as beauty and domestic concerns, yet women are still encouraged to look good’. Body image and size have become a growing issue in society in result of magazine content. The overuse of petite, photo shopped models throughout magazines has resulted in these images becoming the dominant ideology. Over the years images printed in women’s magazines have contributed to this universal feeling to look good and be a certain size. Lynx are known for their voyeuristic product advertisement, this element of the company is what attracts their buyers, yet is also their downfall. Lynx have been publicly criticized for their overuse of objectifying women, using sexualized and provocative imagery and overall blunt sexism. The BBC news state that ‘in 2011 six of Lynx’s advertising campaigns were banned after mass numbers of complains were made’ they added that ‘the 113 complaints said it was sexually suggestive and demeaning to women’. I researched Lynx’s recent TV advertisement and accompanying print advert titled ‘The cleaner you are, the dirtier you get’. Although I believe this is one of Lynx’s milder sexualised adverts even the title itself contains a sexual pun, suggesting the promise of sex if you shower with the product. The girl on the print advertisement is no doubt an attractive young female, fitting the iconic ‘blonde bombshell’ look. The girl’s enticing facial expression creates the impression she is inviting the audience (male) into the shower with her. Although the girl’s expressions look confident, there is a contrast between this and her body language. For example the way she has to cup her bikini top to stop it from falling. This vulnerability of the woman standing half nude for a male audience completely visually depicting her as a female, making her a passive object of male visual pleasure. A comment by Jean Killbourne (a popular media activist) backs up my point by stating that ‘women’s bodies are often dismembered into legs, breasts or thighs, reinforcing the message that women are objects rather than whole human beings’. Killbourne suggests that women have become dehumanised into erotic objects for male pleasure. One element of Lynx’s campaigns which continues throughout is the idea of fake portrayal. In each advert the male role is played by your everyday, not overly-attractive man, contrasted with the female role being a desirable, young beauty. In an everyday world the changes of the male role attracting that type of woman are very slim. Despite this the main message that Lynx put across to their audience throughout their advertisements is that if men wear the product – women will find them irresistible – False portrayal. Of course this element adds humour to the advertisements, although all at the expense of objectifying women in the process and promoting the gender role of the dominant male. Bibliography Websites: www.mediaknowall.com Hearst, http.//www.hearst.co.uk/magazines/Cosmpolitan/5-about.htm Cosmopolitan, http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/exclusive/megan-fox-april-cover-cosmopolitan Exploring the media: representations and responses

SAT Literature Subject Test Terms to Know Essays

SAT Literature Subject Test Terms to Know Essays SAT Literature Subject Test Terms to Know Paper SAT Literature Subject Test Terms to Know Paper Essay Topic: Literature allegory A story with underlying symbols that really represent something else. A character can be allegorical. alliteration Repetition of a consonant sound for emphasis. allusion A reference to something or someone, usually literary. anachronism Placing a person or object in an inappropriate historical situation. It can be deliberate or unintentional. analogy Comparing something to something else. anecdote A short narrative, story, or tale. antagonist The major character opposing the protagonist. Usually the villain. anthropomorphism Assigning human attributes, such as emotions or physical characteristics, to nonhuman things. Often used for attributing human characteristics to animals. Similar to personification, but usually is applied to animals, while personification is applied to all types of things. argument A summary or short statement of the plot or subject of a literary work. diction The authors choice of word and sentence structure, taking into account correctness, clearness, and effectiveness. Typically, there are four levels: formal, informal, colloquial, and slang. elegy A mournful and melancholy poem or song, usually to pay tribute to a deceased person. emphasis Special forcefulness of expression that gives importance to something singled out. fable A story that has a moral, usually involving animals as the main characters. figurative language Language characterized by figures of speech such as metaphors and similes as well as elaborate expression through imagery. hyperbole A deliberate exaggeration. imagery An authors use of descriptive and figurative language used to create a picture in the readers minds eye. indirect dialogue Language that communicates what was expressed in the dialogue, without using a direct quotation. irony An expression of meaning that is opposite of the literal meaning. meaning Something that one wishes to convey, especially by language. metaphor A comparison like a simile, without the use of like or as. Its a little subtler. Its important to note, however, that in literary criticism, the word metaphor is frequently used when, strictly speaking, the term simile applies. meter The rhythm of a poem. The most common is iambic. narrative A literary representation of an event or a storythe text itself. onomatopoeia A word intended to simulate the actual sound of the thing or action it describes. oxymoron A phrase in which the words are contradictory. paean An expression of joyful praise. parable A story that has a moral. paradox This is a phrase that appears to be contradictory but actually contains some basic truth that resolves the apparent contradiction. parallelism The repetition of sounds, meanings, or structures to create a certain style. parody A literary work in which the style of an author is imitated for comic effect or ridicule. pastoral A work that deals with the lives of people, especially shepherds, in the country or in nature (as opposed to people in a city). pathos Something that evokes a feeling of pity or sympathy. personification Assigning human attributes to something nonhuman. perspective The viewpoint from which the narrator or character sees things. point of view The vantage point from which a story is presented to a reader. protagonist The main character, usually the hero. rhyme scheme The way that a poems rhymes are arranged. satire Ridicule of a subject, usually as a social criticism. simile A comparison of two things using the words like or as. stanza The divisions in a poem, like a paragraph to prose. structure The framework of a work of literature; the organization or overall design; often provides clues to character and action. style The authors unique manner of expression; the authors voice. syntax The ordering of words into meaningful patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences; poets often manipulate syntax, changing traditional word order in an attempt to draw attention to particular words or phrases. theme The central meaning or dominant idea in a literary work; theme provides a unifying point around which the plot, characters, setting, point of view, symbols, and other elements of a work are organized. tone Style or manner of expression.

Polar Molecule Definition and Examples

Polar Molecule Definition and Examples Polar Molecule  Definition A polar molecule is a molecule containing polar bonds where the sum of all the bonds dipole moments is not zero. Polar bonds form when there is a difference between the electronegativity values of the atoms participating in a bond. Polar molecules also form when the spatial arrangement of chemical bonds leads to more positive charge on one side of the molecule than the other.​ Examples of Polar Molecules Water (H2O) is a polar molecule. The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen are distributed so that the hydrogen atoms are both on one side of the oxygen atom, rather than evenly spaced. The oxygen side of the molecule has a slight negative charge, while the side with the hydrogen atoms has a slight positive charge.Ethanol is polar because the oxygen atoms attract electrons because of their higher electronegativity than other atoms in the molecule. Thus the -OH group in ethanol has a slight negative charge.Ammonia (NH3) is polar.Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is polar. Carbon dioxide is made up of polar bonds, but the dipole moments cancel each other out and therefore is not a polar molecule. Predicting Polarity and Nonpolarity Whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar is a matter of its geometry. If one end of the molecule has a positive charge, while the other end has a negative charge, the molecule is polar. If a charge is evenly distributed around a central atom, the molecule is nonpolar.

TNT Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TNT Scenario - Essay Example Scenario planning is an important strategic tool for improving the effectiveness of strategy (Glesecke, 1998, p.43). It is not about scenario writing but is more related to strategic planning (Lindgre, and Bandhold, 2003 p.21). For example, TNT wants to obtain and maintain its strategic objectives in the European market. For this purpose, it decides that till the end of 2015, it will have to increase 5 per cent market share in the European market. To implement this change, more effective strategy is required in which the PEST (political, economic, social and technological) factors will be considered. Currently, the political environment looks stable and more business friendly than ever before. Subsequently, the cost inflation and cost of living are showing more stability because the entire European economy has recently recovered its debt crisis and the businesses and consumers are experiencing a rising confidence in the business activities. Moreover, the technological changes are tak ing place which can directly or indirectly put positive effect on the business activity. After this environmental scanning, TNT must increase its marketing and promotion cost along with providing and offering a range of incentives and discounts for attracting customers from untapped markets. In this regard, it is important to highlight that marketing cost should be increased by 30 per cent as this will increase more chances of attracting new customers. In this strategy, social media, print and electronic media should used. Technological advancement is the biggest threat for the company. TNT mainly relies on providing postal services across the world. However, recent changes in the technology in which paper-free sharing of information and more digital communication are being preferred. In this regard, TNT faces serious threat from the technological changes because new methods are being created which make the previous Technology can also be termed as an opportunity for the company. In this regard, it is important to highlight that the requirements and needs for business to business and business to customer have not changed much and still correspondence and communication is vital part of their business strategy. However, they have changed their communication method from postal to the digital aspect. If TNT decides to revamp its business strategy by investing in research and development especially in the field of information technology, then, there are chances that the company will be in a position to avail this opportunity.

Research about The Thanksgiving Day Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About The Thanksgiving Day - Research Paper Example Thanks giving actually aim to gather all the family members so that they know the value of being together; thanks giving also pay special thanks to God for all his blessings. Just because of the importance of the tradition I have decided to explore it more from the past. In this research essay we will focus on the history and analysis if this tradition of thanks giving day. If we talk about the US culture than every fourth Thursday of November, every year, is celebrated as the thanks giving day. The main purpose of celebration is to share your emotions with the family, friends and any other people to whom we want to say thank you. A very special tradition of this day is the arrangement of special meal for the family which is to be served to the entire family in a gathering. The purpose of this meal is to gather family members at one meal because in daily routine life they do not have much time to sit together and enjoy a meal (Wallendrof & Arnold, 1991). It is compulsory for every family member to be at that particular meal and sit with the whole family. In United States of America, the tradition of Thanks giving day was started nearly four hundred years ago. There is long story behind this decision of celebrating the official thanks giving day. Every year the day is fixed but the date is changed therefore the President of the country announces a local holiday on this day at the start of the year (Wallendrof & Arnold, 1991). If we research about the history of thanks giving celebration then we may come to know the fact that it started in 1692 in America. At that time, the Governor of the state announced to gather at a meeting hall. He said that people and their wives and the children or we can say every single [person of the family should come and then they will say thank you to the God who is the creator of everything. According to their thoughts, they must thank God for the crops, which they

The Key Providers In Travel And Tourism Industry Essay

The Key Providers In Travel And Tourism Industry - Essay Example Internationally renowned vehicle rental agencies like Avis, Hertz, Thrifty, Dollar, National, Enterprise and Budget can be found at or near every major airport in the world. Passengers arriving on various airline flights arrange to rent vehicles from these agencies for the duration of their stay in the city or cities of that country. Such vehicle rental offices are staffed round the clock by well-trained staff and provide quality customer service. Many important points are considered by passengers before they choose a suitable car rental agency such as: Does the agency have a good customer service record? Does it credit frequent flyer or frequent guest programs with points? Does it carry the type of cars that the passenger likes to drive such as a new, used Ford, G.M and luxury or specialty vehicle? Does it have agreements with hotel chains, airlines and credit card companies that could save the passenger money in these areas? Does it offer a Premium Club where a passenger can sign u p all rental information – like rental preferences, decisions on insurance coverage and fuel replacement - in advance to shorten or eliminate the time spent at the counter? The airlines and transport providers are continuously linked and depend on each other – to the airline, the vehicle rental agencies are important as they provide reliable, crucially needed services to the passengers who travel on their aircraft; to the vehicle rental agencies, the airlines are important as they provide business to them in the form of passengers

Communication in Early Years Settings

Communication in Early Years Settings Introduction Communication is vital tool in all early years settings, it creates and developed positive relationships between all involved in looking after young children. Positive Relationships Respectful Relationships In order for a relationship to work there needs to be respect, this be fixated if everyone is treated equal and as an individual. Establishing a warm and welcoming environment is essential in developing respectful relationship. Albert Bandura believed that children watch the different ways in which individuals behave in their surroundings. Model is the name use to describe the people who are being watched. There are many powerful people that encircle children in society. These can be family members, friends, television characters or people in their school environment. Whether they are male or female, good or bad, the behaviour that these people demonstrate can be copied by children and display at a later date, whether appropriate or not. It may be more likely that a child will copy individuals that they think reflects them similarly, for example, behaviour display by people of the same gender. If a child is rewarded for positive behaviour it is possible that the child will maintain that pattern. It is important to reward a child for positive behaviour as it helps the child to build self-confidence, and to become aware of the difference between negative and positive behaviour. A child may seek endorsement fo r its behaviour from friends or family member. This endorsement is outside support, however, the emotion of excitement felt about the endorsement is of an inner support. A child desire to be approved of will always display behaviour which it thinks brings approval. Whether the support is negative or positive it’s not of great significance, if the support given outwardly is not equal the needs of the individual. There are lot of people that children may choose to identify with such as, family members, friends, or those on television. These distinct people have standard that a person could desire to have, which give them the incentive to want to identify with them. The result of this is the transformation of the behaviours, convictions, views and principles of the person trying to copy those people. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Meeting Individual Communication Needs There are other ways to communicate as to verbal communication; using alternative methods will be useful in an early years settings to meet the individual needs of communication of the child(ren), parent and colleagues. Using alternative communication methods also promote diversity and inclusion. Verbal communication can be used to inform parent about their childs day at the end of the session, in a meeting with colleagues to plan activities Share information and to communicate with children throughout the day and during activities. Written communication Letters can be send out the parents to inform them about any changes to their child’s setting and provide information keeping them up to date, letters can also be sent out to parents to gain permission to take their children on outings and events. Reports will often be in a written format. In early years setting reports will be written about a child’s safeguarding concerns, development and any incidents. Electronic With an advance in technology electronic newsletters will be set out to parents. Email can be sent between colleagues to organise meetings or share information. Phone Telephone communication is used to inform a parent if a child is sick or has had an accident. Staff in an early years setting might use the telephone as form of communication with other professionals or arrange a meeting. Sign Language sign language is used if the individual has problems with speech, language difficulties or hearing impairments, this is a face to face form of communication Makaton (a version of British Sign Language) is often used in order to communicate with young children. This might include using pictures symbols as well as signing Interpretation Interpretation is used to communicate with people who do not speak English; this can take be both verbal and written methods to make sure that any messages are passed on correctly. Relationship within Early Years Setting There is a range of relationships that are in an early years setting and they all play an important role in the successful learning and development of children Childrens friendship early year’s settings provides children with a place for social interaction children will develop friendships in their environment. The development of a childs social skills will be a factor of forming a child who as a respected member of adulthood. Child starts to enjoy the company from an early age and become aware of others. Developing friendships helps a childs personal, social, emotional development and confidence; therefore practitioners should encourage and support children while they play to promote sharing and cooperation. The Key Worker The Key Worker Relationship A key worker is a practitioner who is set to the meet the individual needs of a child. Making sure that every childs care is tailored to meet their individual needs; they ensure that the child is settled in the setting and that they have built a relationship with the child and their parents. For a key worker it is essential that they develop a close and strong relationship with the child. When in early years setting every child is assigned a key worker, this person will have the main connection with parent and child. The key worker system is very important for young babies as they are completely dependent on their careers as they will experience anxiety when separated from their parents, key workers should spend time with their key child to develop trust and the child feeling safe and secure. Stage Psychosocial Crisis Basic Virtue Age 1 Trust vs. mistrust Hope Infancy (0 to 1 1/2 2 Autonomy vs. shame Will Early Childhood (1 Â ½ to 3) 3 Initiative vs. guilt Purpose Play Age (3 to 5) 4 Industry vs. inferiority Competency School Age (5 to 12) 5 Ego identity vs. Role Confusion Fidelity Adolescence (12 to 18) 6 Intimacy vs. isolation Love Young Adult (18 to 40) 7 Generativity vs. stagnation Care Adult hood (40 to 65) 8 Ego integrity vs. despair Wisdom Maturity (65) The importance of children developing trust within the first stage of life. Trust vs. Mistrust It is often asked whether the world is a secure environment or filled with unforeseen disaster about to take place. It is said that predicament seems to take place in life first year. Predicament is one of trust or mistrust. During this period the child is unsure regarding the environment they are living in .The child will look for comfort and security from its caregiver cover the feeling of doubt. For a child to develop the feeling of trust, the care given must be of consistency, security and certainty to help them to transfer to another relationship, which will empower them if threats occur. Succeeding at this point can be accomplished by strength and belief. When the feeling of trust is developed, the child can hold on to the belief that if a new predicament arises, there is reassurance that other people will be there to provide help. Fear will be developed if strength and belief have failed, e.g. If the care that is given is inhospitable unstable and unsecure. The child will deve lop the feeling of mistrust and lack of assurance in their environment, and not having the potential to make an impact in proceedings. The child will take with them, the fundamental feeling of mistrust to another relationship, this will cause them to be anxious and add to uncertainty, and a further sense of mistrust in their environment. Erikson, E. (1959), Theory of Psychology Development. Roles and Responsibilities of the key worker The key worker should be planning activities for their key child, they implement these activities during session time, while they are taking part in these activities they observe the childs participation, this promotes the childs learning a development through play, they also carry assessments of individual childrens development. As part of a key workers job, they carry out the personal needs of the child and communicate with parents on a regular basis. The Ecological system theory says human advancement is caused by various kinds of arrangement in their surroundings. This micro system’s setting is the direction that surrounds our lives. The people in our lives that have direct connection are educators, peers, family and neighbours. All are included in the micro system of which we socialise in. According to the theory, it is unlikely that we are simply recipient of the contact we have when interacting socially with those in the micro system surroundings, but we contribute to the creating of such surroundings. Brofenbrenner, U. (1917-2005). Effective Communication with Children It is important for the practitioners to communicate with children in a way that is appropriate such as; getting down to a childs level so they dont feel intimidated, demonstrate body language that is positive and welcoming and using language that is appropriate to a childs age and stage of development. Partnership with Parents Parents as Partners Parents are the people that know their child best, they provide knowledge to a childs particular interest and needs and this can be used to enhance the childs care. The key worker this the first person a parent will get to know, first impressions will be important in order to assure that they have made the right decision, it important to that the key worker is welcoming and friendly to parents, so that you are approachable. Admission to the Setting When parents entrust their child to an early years settings, the practitioner should work in partnership with parents to ensure that the information is specific to the child and is shared with all staff members so they are aware of the childs individual needs. Sharing of information about a childs illness, disabilities and allergies will make settling in easier for both the parent and child. Ways to involve parents within the setting Allows parents to explore the settings appropriately Child can show their parents things they like to play with Parents can see displays and examples of childrens work Sharing observation and planning with parents Invite parents to volunteer on outings Encourage parents to support learning and development by attending workshops and making contribution, e.g. from their own background. This is a social activity that provides parents with the opportunity to interact with practitioners and parents to build self-confidence. Effective Communication with Parent can be achieved through positive relationships. Ensuring time is allocated to communicate with parent when appropriate. Positive body language is demonstrated, show individual attention to parent and child, give detail and accurate information about a child interest and achievements and ensuring private and confidential matters are dealt with professionally. Multi-agency Working A number of professionals, working together with different knowledge and expertise sharing information, and provide a plan to support and benefit the child individual needs. Time, Communication and Professional background are barriers that can impact multi-agency working. It is best to plan meeting in advance that all involved are aware of the dates and can stick to them. Organizing a convenient time for all Professionals to meet can be very challenging. It is important to take time to listen to others when communicating. There are diverse languages and jargons that link to different Professional background which other professional who take care of children may not be familiar with. There are particular role and training for all professionals involved in the care of children and everyone may have different views and opinions of what is best for the child. It is vital for practitioners to take into account the professional perspective of other, and not always relying on what is familiar. The care and support for the child should take precedence by multi-agency. Confidentiality It is a legal requirement under The Data Protection Act 1998 to ensure all confidential documents and data must be stored in a secured place. These documents can also be kept in a secured location outside the setting. It is the Providers responsibility to ensure only professional and those who have the right to access secured confidential documents and information about children and staff should view them. It is important that Providers kept documents and get and share report (with parents and carers, and all relevant authority working with children such as, Ofsted, the police and social services as appropriate) for example, to identify if a child has additional need, if there are cause for concern regards to safeguarding or if emergency treatment has to be given to a child. This also ensures that the managing of the setting operates safely and efficiently, and making sure they are meeting the needs of all the children. Providers to ensure they have frequent dialogue flowing both way s with parents/carers and make available their child’s development records and file only. On request, providers should incorporate parents’ and or carers’ comments into children’s record. It is vital for Providers to make sure all staff comprehend the importance of protecting the privacy of the children they are caring for, and to upheld the legal requirements that states how to handle information that apply a child in ways that guarantee confidentiality. Ofsted must have Records readily available to them to access when requested. Data Protection Act (1998). Reference List Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1917-2005). Data Protection Act (1998). Erikson, E. (1959).Theory of Psychology Development.