Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 33-34

33 RIVERA During the drive to Pine Cove, Rivera was annoyed by the possibility that he had overlooked something. It wasn't that he hadn't revealed where he was going; he had arranged that. Until he had physical proof that there was a sequential executioner in the region, he wasn't letting out the slightest peep. Yet, when he thumped on the Elliotts' front entryway and it swung open, he unexpectedly recalled that his projectile verification vest was hanging in his storage back at the station. He called into the house and sat tight for an answer. None came. Just cops and vampires must have an encouragement to enter, he thought. Yet, there is reasonable justification. The piece of his brain that worked like a head prosecutor kicked in. â€Å"So, Sergeant Rivera,† the attorney stated, â€Å"you entered a private habitation dependent on a PC information base that could have been close to a mailing list?† â€Å"I accepted that Effrom Elliott's name on the rundown spoke to an obvious risk to a private resident, so I entered the residence.† Rivera attracted his gun and held it his correct hand while he held his identification out in his left. â€Å"Mr. also, Mrs. Elliott, this is Sergeant Rivera from the Sheriff's Department. I'm coming in the house.† He moved from space to room declaring his essence before he entered. The room entryway was shut. He saw the fragmented slug gap in the entryway and felt his adrenaline flood. Would it be advisable for him to call for reinforcement? The D.A. stated: â€Å"And so you went into the house on what basis?† Rivera got through the entryway low and rolled. He lay for a second on the floor of the unfilled room, feeling idiotic. What now? He was unable to bring in and report a projectile opening in a living arrangement that he had likely entered wrongfully, particularly when he hadn't announced that he was in Pine Cove in any case. With extra special care, he let himself know. Rivera came back to his plain vehicle and announced that he was in Pine Cove. â€Å"Sergeant Rivera,† the dispatcher stated, â€Å"there is a message for you from Technical Sergeant Nailsworth. He said to reveal to you that Robert Masterson is hitched to the granddaughter of Effrom Elliott. He said he doesn't have a clue what it implies, yet he figured you ought to know.† It implied that he needed to discover Robert Masterson. He recognized the message and closed down. After fifteen minutes he was at The Breeze's trailer. The old pickup was gone and nobody addressed the entryway. He radioed the station and mentioned an immediate fix to the Spider. â€Å"Nailgun, would you be able to get me Masterson's significant other's street number? He gave the trailer as habitation when we got him. What's more, give me where she works.† â€Å"Hold on, it'll be only a second for her address.† Rivera lit a cigarette while he paused. Before he took the subsequent drag, Nailsworth returned with the location and the most limited course from Rivera's area. â€Å"It will take somewhat longer for the business. I need to get to the Social Security files.† â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Five, possibly ten minutes.† â€Å"I'm on my way to the house. Possibly I won't need it.† â€Å"Rivera, there was a fire call at that address early today. That mean anything to you?† â€Å"Nothing implies anything to me any longer, Nailsworth.† After five minutes Rivera pulled up before Jenny's home. Everything was secured with a sticky dark goo, a blend of cinders, flour, and water from the fire hoses. As Rivera moved out of the vehicle, Nailsworth got back to. â€Å"Jennifer Masterson is as of now utilized at H.P's. Cafe, off Cypress in Pine Cove. You need the telephone number?† â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"If she's not here, I'll go over yonder. It's only a couple of entryways down from my next stop.† â€Å"You need anything else?† Nailsworth seemed as though he was keeping something down. â€Å"No,† Rivera said. â€Å"I'll call on the off chance that I do.† â€Å"Rivera, remember about that other matter.† â€Å"What matter?† â€Å"Roxanne. Keep an eye on her for me.† â€Å"As soon as I can, Nailsworth.† Rivera tossed the radio mike onto the front seat. As he approached the house, he heard somebody please the radio singing a melody to the tune â€Å"Roxanne† in a terrible falsetto. Nailsworth had demonstrated his shortcoming over an open recurrence, and now, Rivera knew, the entire division would ride the hefty man's mortification into the ground. At the point when this was finished, Rivera guaranteed himself, he would come up with a story to vindicate the Spider's pride. He owed him that. Obviously, that relied upon Rivera vindicating himself. The stroll to the entryway secured his shoes with dim goo. He sat tight for an answer and came back to the vehicle, reviling in Spanish, his shoes changed over to mixture balls. He didn't escape the vehicle at H.P's. Cafe. It was evident from the obscured windows that nobody was inside. His last possibility was the Head of the Slug Saloon. In the event that Masterson wasn't there, he was out of leads, and he would need to report what he knew, or, what was all the more humiliating, what he didn't have a clue, to the commander. Rivera found a leaving place before the Slug behind Robert's truck, and in the wake of taking a couple of moments to get his correct shoe unstuck from the gas pedal, he went in. 34 U-PICK-EM The Pagan Vegetarians for Peace considered them the Sacred Caves since they accepted that the caverns had once been utilized by Ohlone Indians for strict services. This, actually, was false, for the Ohlone had maintained a strategic distance from the caverns however much as could reasonably be expected because of the immense populace of bats that lived there, bats that were inseparably secured in the fate of the caverns. The principal human control of the caverns came during the 1960s, when an out for the count rancher named Homer Styles chose to utilize the sodden inside of the caverns to develop mushrooms. Homer began his business with 500 wooden cases of the sort utilized for trucking soft drink bottles, and a half-gallon container of mail-request mushroom spores; absolute venture: sixteen dollars. Homer had taken the boxes from behind the Thrifty-Mart, a couple at once, over the time of weeks that it took him to peruse the handout Fungus for Fun and Profit, put out by the U.S. Division of Agriculture. In the wake of filling the boxes with wet peat and spreading them out on the cavern floor, Homer spread his spores and trusted that the cash will come in. What Homer didn't figure on was the quick development pace of the mushrooms (he'd skirted that piece of the leaflet), and inside days he wound up sitting in a cavern loaded with mushrooms with no market and no cash to pay for help in collecting. The answer for Homer's concern originated from another administration handout entitled The Consumer-Harvested Farm, which had come, accidentally, in a similar envelope with Fungus for Fun. Homer took his last ten dollars and set a promotion in the nearby paper: Mushrooms, $.50 lb. U-PICK-EM, your compartment. Old Creek Road. 9?C5 every day. Eager for mushroom Pine Covers came in huge numbers. As quick as the mushrooms were gathered, they became back, and the cash came in. Homer spent his first benefits on a generator and a series of lights for the caverns, figuring that by expanding his business hours into the night, his benefits would develop in extent. It would have been a sound business move had the bats not chose to raise their textured heads in fight. During the day the bats had been substance to hang out on the top of the cavern while Homer maintained his business beneath. However, on the main night of Homer's all-encompassing hours when the bats woke to locate their home attacked by brutally lit mushroom pickers, their resilience finished. There were twenty clients in the caverns when the lights went on. In a moment the air above them was a frenzy of shrieking, textured, flying rodents. In the hurry to leave, one lady fell and broke a hip and another was chomped on the hand while separating a bat from her hair. The haze of bats before long vanished into the night, just to be supplanted the following day by a similarly thick haze of landbound vermin: individual injury legal advisors. The varmints won in court. Homer's business was devastated, and indeed the bats dozed in harmony. A discouraged Homer Styles went on a gorge in the Head of the Slug. He went through four days in an Irish bourbon dimness before his cash ran out and Mavis Sand sent him to an Alcoholics Anonymous gathering. (Mavis could tell when a man had arrived in a desperate predicament, and she wanted to siphon a dry well.) Homer ended up in the gathering room of the First National Bank, recounting to his story. It happened that at that equivalent gathering a youthful surfer who considered himself The Breeze was working off a court-requested sentence he had earned by unsteadily smashing a '62 Volkswagen into a police cruiser and speedily vomiting on the capturing official's shoes. The rancher's story ignited an innovative sparkle in the surfer, and after the gathering The Breeze cornered Homer with a recommendation. â€Å"Homer, how might you want to make some overwhelming bread developing enchantment mushrooms?† The following day the rancher and the surfer were pulling packs of fertilizer into the caverns, spreading it over the peat, and dissipating a totally unique kind of spore. As indicated by The Breeze their yield would sell for ten to twenty dollars an ounce rather than the fifty pennies a pound that Homer got for his last harvest. Homer was delighted with the chance of getting rich. What's more, he would have, notwithstanding the bats. As the day of their first collect approached, The Breeze needed to disappear from their ranch to serve the end of the week in the area prison (the first of fifty †the appointed authority had not been diverted at having barf-secured police shoes introduced as proof in his court). Before he left, The Breeze guaranteed Homer that he would return Monday to help with the drying and showcasing of the mushrooms. Meanwhile, the lady who had been chomped during the disaster of the bats, contracted rabies. Region creature control operators were requested to the caverns t

Multinational companies in Jamaica Essay Example

Worldwide organizations in Jamaica Essay Example Worldwide organizations in Jamaica Paper Worldwide organizations in Jamaica Paper Worldwide organizations in Jamaica Name: Course: Establishment: Educator: Date: Worldwide organizations in Jamaica Worldwide organizations have been exceptionally huge to the development of the Jamaican economy. The exponential development of these organizations has been felt in Jamaica and the Caribbean as well as in landmasses, for example, Europe and North America where they have strong solid footings in the particular nations buyer markets. Effortlessness Kennedy and Lasco Jamaica are among the best organizations in the Caribbean and all the more so in Jamaica. Global organizations have a wide scope of items that help differentiate their portfolios. Elegance Kennedy Company was established in 1922 as an association between Dr. John J. Beauty and Fred Kennedy. The Company began as a little exchanging organization and before long developed to have a wharfing office to empower smooth progression of the company’s imports (Grace Kennedy, 4). The organization in the Caribbean works in Jamaica, Trinidad Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean separately. As of now the organization has sixty auxiliaries and partnered organizations over a few mainlands around the globe. The organization has developed altogether since its commencement structure an exclusive organization to an open organization with a market capitalization of J$21 billion as of the year 2006. The organization has an outline of catapulting its development to turn into a main worldwide organization with branches everywhere throughout the world. The organization has its exercises in budgetary administrations, settlements administrations, protection, assembling and retail an d dispersion. Work The Company has been especially huge in the arrangement of work to the Jamaican populace. Since it started its tasks, it has seen development in its degrees of working exercises and has expanded into various items and exercises for the expansion of benefits. The development of the organization implies that the organization has seen an expansion in its incomes, which implies that there have been more occupations to encourage the more significant levels of exercises. Work for any populace and nation when all is said in done has numerous advantages. Also, greater work implies that the new representatives can meet their essential needs, for example, costs for food. Sufficient nourishment for a family implies the individuals can focus on urgent issues, for example, instruction. This likewise reduces infections, which are realized by lack of healthy sustenance that is a result of terrible eating routine or insufficient food. Business implies that individuals who are jobless and adventure into the new work section can provide food for their own needs, for example, instruction for their youngsters and other fundamental needs. Income for the administration Moreover, new representatives additionally mean more income as expenses for the legislature. More duties empower the administration to have the option to subsidize increasingly formative ventures, for example, the arrangement of fundamental needs, for example, water and sewerage frameworks. New work helps in the decrease of wrongdoing as individuals who don't have any business can discover option and better wellsprings of pay. Open Ownership-The Company, after its development into an open element, empowered Jamaican residents to get an opportunity to possess a piece of the biggest partnerships in the nation. The new open organization after its posting as an open organization had the option to get more income to improve and expand its activities. This additionally implied the organization would utilize more individuals to encourage more creation and keep up its development. After the arrangement of the organization in 1922, the organization was especially essential in the arrangement of fundamental administrations to the Jamaican open. This was amazingly hard to track down if certainly feasible, in a period set apart by racial persecution, for example, budgetary administrations and protection administrations. This empowered the Jamaican substance to be spoken to in the corporate world by a worldwide organization, which has a few activities in various nations and mainlands. Beauty Kennedy Company has likewise empowered the Jamaican populace to have more items accessible to them at moderately reasonable costs. The arrangement of essential items, for example, pressed nourishments empowered individuals every budgetary foundation at moderately normal costs. This has opened up the market to advancement and rivalry presented by the various players in the market. Negative effects Concentrate on imports-Grace Kennedy has been exclusively engaged with the import of items rather than broadening into the assembling of items (Grace Kennedy, 11). Assembling of items in Jamaica would be especially applicable to the economy by the arrangement of new openings and would end up being cost agreeable to the cost decrease of the organization. The organization should concentrate on the arrangement of items that are exclusively made in Jamaica or the Caribbean. Arrangement of unfortunate nourishments this has added to the now determined medical problems influencing large individuals because of high admission of greasy food sources. Effortlessness Kennedy has supported the dissemination of nourishments that are viewed as unfortunate. Decrease in money esteem Imports channel the country’s outside stores, which are utilized to buy the imports. This makes it difficult for the nation to have the option to keep up a solid money. Lasco Jamaica has additionally been another organization that has been in activity in the Jamaican economy since 1988 (Lasco Jamaica, 3). It has been associated with the arrangement of food, money related, individual consideration, family and pharmaceutical administrations and items. Positive effect Access to quality merchandise Lasco Jamaica has been encouraging appropriation of outside items by utilizing forceful showcasing systems. This has empowered the Jamaican open to have the option to get to excellent imports at moderately normal costs Opening up of the market to sound rivalry Lasco Jamaica has likewise added to the opening up of the Jamaican market to rivalry presented by outside items and empowered the neighborhood market to fit in with exclusive expectations in the creation of any merchandise (Lasco Jamaica, 15). This is clear by the nearness of privately fabricated merchandise that are of exclusive expectations and are speaking to the buyer. Wellspring of income for the administration †the imports are generally burdened intensely on section into any nation. This ahs been a huge wellspring of income for the legislature empowering it to finance ventures Negative effect Concentrate on imports-The Company was engaged with the importation of remote items. This has negatively affected the Jamaican economy. Importation implies that the organization was denying nearby organizations the truly necessary incomes. Absence of work due to imports†Lack of sufficient incomes implies that the nearby organizations can't utilize more representatives or even increment creation Inclination of outside products over neighborhood merchandise The Company has not been a great power to the market because of its inclination for imports with the end goal that it contradicted the recovery of Jamaican claimed substance that would see the Jamaican government work a dairy organization. This would be good for the economy, in general. It would mean more occupations in the economy and a decrease in the joblessness rates. This would likewise imply that the administration would gather more income as assessments and licenses from new items. What's more, the Lasco Jamaica Company has been giving the Jamaican populace greasy nourishments, which are viewed as unfortunate because of the nearness of hydrated fats. The nearness of such fats means individuals getting unfortunate because of increment in weight. This prompts ailments, for example, corpulence, bloods pressure and other heart related issues realized by elevated cholesterol nourishments. Remote subsidiary The Company appears to go about as a member of bigger organizations (Lasco Jamaica, 13). This denies the Jamaican masses the opportunity to work at organizations, and denies the people the opportunity to purchase items that are made by Jamaican organizations. The organization ought to approve the issue of offers and empower individuals to buy their offers. This would empower the Jamaican populace to have more proprietorship in substances that have been in presence for quite a while and simultaneously get cash to put resources into the cultivating exercises. Effortlessness Kennedy Company ought to have more duties in the social scene since it has more market capitalization and assets available to its. This would be adequate in light of the fact that the organization owes its present presence to the Jamaican culture. As a global organization with the most number of auxiliaries and offshoot organizations, they would have the option to help such a point of view simultaneously the organization would have the option to utilize the assets acquired in the obtaining of greater hardware and put resources into the nearby creation of indistinguishable merchandise to avert rivalry from the worldwide items. The organization ought to be the biggest because of the high utilization paces of their items, which implies that they acquire more from the open along these lines they should offer back to people in general. Some portion of the income ought to return to the general public as it is on the grounds that pole of it was gotten from Jamaica. References Elegance Kennedy. (2012). About us, 7.Retrieved from gracekennedy.com/home Lasco Jamaica. (2012). Home, 16. Recovered from lascodistributors.com/Home.asp

LETS PLAY

LET’S PLAY My high school didn’t have the broadest range of athletic options, so Ive always been excited about finding new rec’ stuff to try out in college. Besides, as in the good ol childhood times, it’s always fun to meet and get to know people by playing games. It’s no secret that MIT is not an athletic giant â€" for one, Briggs Field conspicuously lacks a shiny football stadium. Nevertheless, I was surprised to find MIT more “jock-y” than I expected. So many students play varsity sports, and discussions about various practices and games span classroom chatter and advising seminars. The general scheduling rule here is classes from 9-5, sports from 5-7, and other activities from 7-later. Students are dedicated. One of my suitemates is on the Varsity Field Hockey team and attends to a hockey-related event almost every day; for hours at a time. And its always refreshing to see people get up and leave during classes for athletic commitments. Even better, some of the highest-achieving teams here (like crew or sport taekwondo) are completely open to walk-ons and beginners. My impression is, there are plenty of chances to play if you’re willing to dedicate. But to get to the semi-main point of this entry: DODGEBALL! It might be kind of pathetic that I’ve never played dodgeball in my entire primary and secondary school P.E. career, but that’s what college is for right? So three weeks into MIT, intramurals were set up, teams were made, and schedules began popping up. I joined team tennis (I had played in high school) and dun dun dun â€" dodgeball! (because it’s both foreign to me and involves less running). Tennis has yet to start, but weve already completed three dodgeball games. Rewind a little bit- Intramurals (IM) here involve all different groups of people affiliated with MIT: fraternity brothers, graduate students, cultural or religious student organizations, dorms, etc. My team is called the Burton 1 All-Blacks (Yea, like that passionate New Zealand Rugby team, and well, we live on Burton 1 â€" the first floor of the Burton side of the Burton-Conner dorm. To live up to our name, we wear all black, and have a somewhat-prepared, sometimes-performed war dance. ‚ò? While Dodgeball is played in the Z-Center â€" a central fitness complex on West Campus â€" its exact location is very well concealed. After three flights of stairs and at least five double-doors, you will find MAC courts, a multi-purpose arena with basketball hoops and enclosed by 10-feet high transparent plastic walls. Burton 1 All Blacks on standby, waiting to go in the game; @ the super-exclusive MAC courts Dodgeball itself is a peculiar game. The concept is elementary, really â€" you either hit someone with a ball, or dodge a ball thrown at you, catch a ball to take out the thrower, or deflect a thrown ball with a ball to keep the game going. But regardless, everyone gets so into it! Bam! Bam! Bam! Auuuhhhhhhrrrrrahhhhghh! Come to think of it, dodgeball is really like recess. Considering the typical MIT day, when midnight really means mid-day, a 10 PM dodgeball game is the prime opportunity to undo all the stress and in-activity accumulated over a day or days. Yelling, jumping, falling, playing like little kids. And at the end of it all, we shake hands, cheer for the winning team, trek back to the dorm, and promptly disperse to rejoin our p-sets. Sweet. Here’s a quick video to visualize the mayhem. P.S. At 8:30 PM yesterday, I finished my first salad meal…ever! [Half-influenced by my salad-eating suitemates; half out of guilt for consuming pastries and whatnot for dinner the night before. Just had to share this. :)

The Sexualisation And Popularization Of Feminism Within...

The sexualisation and popularization of Feminism within the 21ST century Introduction Feminism as an idea has been actively intersected and integrated within the western mainstream pop culture progressively since the beginning of the 21st century. Some of the largest players in the current mainstream music scene not only identify as feminist but also encourage their millions of fans to do the same. While this could potentially be a positive influence on a movement that has struggled to gain larger scale mainstream representation since it’s beginnings in the 19th centaury, this essay aims to explore the damage it is inevitably causing to the movement. I argue that the introduction of feminism into mainstream pop culture has been deliberately controlled, manipulated and harmfully misrepresented in an attempt to thwart the movement’s natural evolution and progression. This essay will explore the various aspects to such an argument in a number of steps. Firstly, I will begin with a necessary and brief history of both First and second wave feminism as well as a general evaluation of the current gendered system. I will go on to then discuss new age pop culture and mass media, as well as its involvement with the erroneous, sexulisated and popularized version of feminism that has been specifically highlighted within the new millennium. Consequently, I will also discuss how this is tied in to both the objectification, and subjectification of women and the recent shift between the

Capital Punishment Of The United States Essay - 1680 Words

In our contemporary criminal justice system, capital punishment has been one of the most debated topic. Capital punishment is also known as the death penalty. It is a punishment by death of a person by the government, as a result of committing a vicious crime. The nature of the punishment raises a plethora of human-right case; therefore, it has led to its abolishment in many countries. In several countries, the ending of capital punishment against juveniles has been accomplished through enforcement if specific provisions of international agreements, which prohibit the execution of a juvenile. Although, Capital punishment for adults is allowed under international law, the execution of a juvenile is not tolerated. Almost every country in the world have ratified or sign the United Nation Convention on the right of a child treaty. The United States is the only country with a pending reservation to the Article forbidding the execution of juveniles. Juvenile capital punishment has been an active force in the United States for decades. Statistics show, most offenders were sentence to death row as a juvenile and later executed as an adult. Capital punishment for juvenile offenders appears to have forsaken by the United Nation Convention on the right of a child and other international agreements. History of Capital punishment in the U.S The practice of capital punishment for juveniles in the United States was originated from the English common law. The minimum age of a criminalShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The United States928 Words   |  4 PagesAs we near the culmination of the twentieth century, capital punishment is in decline. Once a near universal practice, the death penalty has been abolished in 101 countries, as of July 2015(Amnesty International, 2015) and executions have become less common amongst industrialised democracies. 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Of those countries, China had the highest reported number of executions which was in the thousands, the next highest wasRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment in the United States 598 Words   |  3 PagesAre serial criminals effectively being punished? Indeed much improvement must be done. The death penalty needs to be legal in every state. Capital punishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and has been used in America since 1608. The death penalty has been mainly aimed at murder and rape perpetrators. For the past two hundred years w ith over 15,600 executions since 1608, most executions were completed though hangings; however, beginning in the 1900s new forms of execution developedRead More Capital Punishment in the United States Essay2514 Words   |  11 PagesThe death penalty is a controversial topic in the United States today and has been for a number of years. The death penalty is currently legal in 38 states and two federal jurisdictions (Winters 97). 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In additionRead MoreEssay about Capital Punishment in the United States1844 Words   |  8 Pages Capitol punishment Capital Punishment The Argument Against the Death Penalty The feeling of the condemned man was indescribable, as he was minutes away from being executed by an unjust decision. The verdict of his case was guilty on the grounds of circumstantial evidence. When in all reality, he was guilty because he was black, poor and socially unacceptable. His case never stood a chance, it was over before it started. The judge and jury sentence the man to die in the electric chair. The condemnedRead More Capital Punishment in the United States Essay example2024 Words   |  9 PagesCapital punishment has been a controversial topic in association to ethics all of its existence. Issues pertaining to the execution methods, reasonability in the relationship of punishment to the crime, who receives the death penalty, and innocence have been discussed and researched in great lengths. Capital punishment is still an active form of â€Å"deterrence† in the United States for crimes considered the wo rst of the worst. In this paper I will discuss the history of the death penalty. I willRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Enforced Throughout The United States2182 Words   |  9 Pagesunchanging. The same can be said for death. It is for this reason that the death penalty is so effective. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment,† is defined as â€Å"the execution, or punishment by killing, of a person who has been found guilty of a specific, and usually serious, crime† (Barber). Capital punishment should be enforced throughout the United States because it is a humane tradition that has been practiced for centuries, it deters crime, and it provides retribution and gives justice

The Help of Technology to the Stock Market Free Essays

The purpose of this research paper is to prove that technology has been good for the stock market. Thanks to technology, there are now more traders than ever because of the ease of trading online with firms such as Auditrade and Ameritrade. There are also more stocks that are doing well because they are in the technology field. We will write a custom essay sample on The Help of Technology to the Stock Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now The New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ have both benefitted from the recent technological movement. The NYSE says they â€Å"are dedicated to maintaining the most efficient and technologically advanced marketplace in the world.† The key to that leadership has been the state-of-the-art technology and systems development. Technology serves to support and enhance the human judgement at point-of-sale. NASDAQ, the world†s first fully electronic stock market, started trading on February 8th, 1971. Today, it is the fastest growing stock market in the United States. It alo ranks second among the world†s securities in terms of dollar value. By constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of investors and public companies, NASDAQ has achieved more than almost any other market, in a shorter period of time. Technology has also helped investors buy stocks in other markets. Markets used to open at standard local times. This would cause an American trader to sleep through the majority of a Japanese trading day. With more online and afterhours trading, investors have more access to markets so that American traders can still trade Japanese stocks. This is also helped by an expansion of most market times. Afterhours trading is available from most online trading firms. For investing specialists, technology provides operational capability for handling more stocks and greatly increased volumes of trading. Specialists can follow additional sources of market information, and multiple trading and post-trade functions, all on â€Å"one screen† at work or at home. They are also given interfaces to â€Å"upstairs† risk-management systems. They also have flexiblity to rearrange their physical workspaces, terminals and functional activities. Floor brokers are helped with supports for an industry-wide effort to compare buy/sell contracts for accuracy shortly after the trade. They are also given flexibility in establishing working relationships using the new wireless voice headsets and hand-held data terminals. The ability to provide new and enhanced information services to their trading desks and institutional customers is provided. They have a comprehensive order-management system, that systematizes and tracks all outstanding orders. Technology gives a market†s member organizations flexibility in determining how to staff their trading floor operations as well as flexiblity in using that market†s provided systems, networks and terminals or interfacing their own technology. They are given assurance that their market will have the systems capacity and trading floor operations to handle daily trading and in billions of shares. Member organizations get faster order handling and associated reports to their customers, along with speedier and enhanced market information. They also have a regulatory environment, which assures member organiztions that their customers, large and small, can trade with confidence. Technology also allows lower costs, despite increasing volumes and enhanced products. Companies listed on the NYSE are provided with an electronic link so they may analyze daily trading in their stock, and compare market performance during various time periods. The technology also supports the visibility of operations and information, and regulated auction-market procedures, which listed companies expect from their â€Å"primary† market in support of their capital-raising activities and their shareholder services. Institutions get enhanced information flow from the trading floor, using new wireless technologies, as to pre-opening situations, depth of market, and indications of buy/sell interest by other large traders. Also supported are the fair, orderly, and deeply liquid markets which institutions require in order to allocate the funds they have under management whether placing orders in size for individual stocks (block orders) or executing programs (a series of up to 500 orders usually related to an index). For institutional investors, technology gives information on timely trades and quotes and makes them available through member firms, market data services, cable broadcasts and news media. They also are provided with a very effective way of handling â€Å"smaller† orders, giving them communications priority and full auction market participation for â€Å"price improvement† yet turning the average market order around in 22 seconds. Price continuitity and narrow quotation spreads, which are under constant market surveillence and a regulatory environment which enforces trading rules designed to protect â€Å"small investors† are also supported. There are many different kinds of equipment used on the stock market. One of these machines is SuperDot, an electronic order-routing system through which member firms of the NYSE transmit market and limit orders directly to the trading post where the stock is traded. After the order has been completed in the auction market, a report of execution is returned directly to the member-firm office over the same electronic circuit that brought the order to the trading floor. SuperDot can currently process about 2.5 billion shares per day. Another piece of machinery is the Broker Booth Support System. The BBSS is a state-of-the-art order-management system that enables firms to quickly and efficiently process and manage their orders. BBSS allows firms to selectively route orders electronically to either the trading post or the booths on the trading floor. BBSS supports the following broker functions: recieving orders, entering orders, rerouting orders, issuing reports, research, and viewing other services via terminal â€Å"windows†. The overhead â€Å"crowd† display is America†s first commercial application of large-scale, high-definition, flat-screen plasma technology. It shows trades and quotes for each stock. The display also shows competing national market system quotes. Clear, legible information is displayed at wide viewing angles. Full color and video capabilities are also provided. The â€Å"Hospital Arm† Monitor is suspended for convenient viewing by specialists. Multiple data sources that are displayed include point-of-sale books, overhead â€Å"crowd† displays, market montage and various vendor services. The list of information sources is going to continue expanding. The Point-of-Sale Display Book is a tool that greatly increases the specialist†s volume handling and processing capabilities. Using powerful workstation technology, this database sysem maintains the limit order book for which the specialist has agency responsibility, assists in the recording and dissemination of trades and quotation changes, and facilitates the research of orders. All of this serves to eliminate paperwork and processing orders. The Consolidated Tape System is an integrated, worldwide reporting system of price and volume data for trades in listed securities in all domestic markets in which the securities are traded. The Hand-Held is a mobile, hand-held device that enables brokers to recieve orders, disseminate reports, and send market â€Å"looks† in both data and image format, from anywhere on the trading floor. Intermarket Trading System is a display that was installed in 1978 linking all major U.S. exchanges. ITS allows NYSE and NASDAQ specialists and brokers to compare the price of a security traded on multiple exchanges in order to get the best price for the investor. These are the machines that have helped greatly increase the buying and selling of stocks over the past few years. There are great advantages to trading today over the situation that past traders had. The biggest beneficiaries of this new technology are investors themselves. They have all day to trade instead of trading only during market hours, they have more stocks to choose from, and the markets are very high so people are making a lot of money. In conclusion, I have discovered that the research I have done on this project has revealed what I originally thought to be true. That is that the stock market has greatly benefitted from the recent advances in technologies. How to cite The Help of Technology to the Stock Market, Essay examples

Ethical Principles Decision Making and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Principles Decision Making and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Ancient Greekword ethikos gave rise to the word Ethics. the word ethosgave rise to the work Ethikos and ethos means habit or custom(Goetsch Davis, 2014). Axiology is a branch of philosophy named Axiology includes the further branches of ethic sas well as aesthetics, all of which is concerned with values(Crane Matten, 2016). It is difficult to define precisely the word ethics, but for the purpose of understanding we can say that, it is the code of moral values and principles that is responsible for governing behaviors of a person or a group of people taking into account of right and wrong(Myers, 2013). Ethical principles endow with the fundamentals for an assortment of modern concepts for business, work and organizations, which expand the individual and corporate priorities further than conventional business aims of profit and shareholder improvement. Ethical factors are also a considerable influence on public sector organizations and institutions, for which the conventional priorities of service excellence and cost management must now progressively more take under consideration of these same ethical issues affecting the business and corporate world. When the actions of a person either cause befit or may harm others then only ethical dilemma arises.(Weiss, 2014). Most ethical dilemmas involve the conflict between what is needed to be done and what is the right thing to do. Modern principles or sets of morals that administrate deeds and manners of an entity in the business institute is now regarded as Business ethics(Griffin, 2013). Bothnormativeand descriptive approaches are included in business ethics. The field is principally normative when corporate practice and a career specialization is concerned. in order to encompass descriptive methods several theorists is now trying to comprehend the moral principles of business(Wotruba, Chonko, Loe, 2015). There have been many business organizations that have encountered ethical dilemmas in the past. For the past two years, we have witnessed many scandals that questioned the integrity and business ethics of those organizations(Valentine, Fleischman, Godkin, 2015). One such scandal was on 2015 related to the famous German car brand Volkswagen. Emissionsgate or diselgate is the scandal that erupted in 18th September 2015 when Volkswagen cheated in emissions test. After Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) discovered that Volkswagen (VW) cheated in the emissions testing as they had intentionally plannedturbocharged direct injection(TDI)diesel to regulate specificemissionscontrols only for the duration of laboratoryemissions examinations; German automakerVolkswagen Group were delivered with a legal notice of infringement of the Clean Air Actfrom of United States(Krall Peng, 2015). The vehicles'NOx output was able to meet US standards during regulatory testing due to the program but in re al-world driving the cars discharge up to 40 times more NOx. The defeat device of Volkswagen is not a hardware machine but a software-generated program in the engine that enables the car to detect test conditions and only then activates all the pollution regulatory stops(Blackwelder, Coleman, Colunga-Santoyo, Harrison, Wozniak, 2016). Exhaust flow technique as well as air-fuel ration calculations enable clean diesel engines to reduce emissions. However, in some cases injecting a urea-based solution to render NOx harmless was also used though not in most Volkswagen cars(Krall Peng, 2015). The question is how the car sensed whether it is being tested or not? In majority of the test conditions the cars are adjusted in such a way that first they run at a particular speep for a limited period of time then the speed changes and again the car runs at that speed for a certain time. The central computer of the car can detect whether the inputs match those expected in test conditions(Blackw elder, Coleman, Colunga-Santoyo, Harrison, Wozniak, 2016). The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) is an NGO who performed did independent on-road particle emissions tests, on the Volkswagen Jetta, the Volkswagen Passat and a BMW X5. The similar routhes that are followed by the EPA simulations are rural up/downhill, suburban, urban and highway driving which the ICCT followed during their exams. The results of the Volkswagen cars were much worse than the BMWs results were(Burki, 2015). Compelled by such results the ICCT ran tests on a dynamometer. However, in these tests, the cars qualified with excellence. At that point, the ICCT contacted the EPA. This led to further investigations. The California Air Resources Board investigated Volkswagen in May 2014. Scientists of West Virginia University conducted the investigation. They performed emission tests from two Volkswagen models outfitted with the diesel engine turbocharged with four NOx cylinders. Results showed tha t during road tests, few cars discharged almost40 timesmore than the acceptable levels of nitrous oxide. Afterwards, Volkswagen became the object of regulatory investigations in multiple countriesand immediately after the news, the stock price of Volkswagen were knocked down by a third within a few days. As a result,Martin Winterkorn who is the CEO of Volkswagen groupgave resignation from his post. The company also suspended the brand development head of the company Heinz-Jakob Neusser, Porsche research and development head Wolfgang Hatz and Audi research and development head Ulrich Hackenber (Ewing, 2015). As a compensatory plan, Volkswagen announced that they will spend7.3 billion U.S dollars on repairing the emissions problems. However, later the amount increased to 18.32 billion $. Later on, they also gave plans of renovation for the affected vehicles. German prosecutors gave statement that,Mr. Winterkorn was under investigationfor exploitation because he had waited longer than needed to release that the company was facing an inquiry over the scandal of emission gate. On 19th July 2015,a public complaint was filed against chief executive; Matthias Mller on behalf of the New York attorney generalconnected(Crte, 2016). This scandal had reached the top level of Volkswagen management. This incident raised consciousness towards the increasing pollution levels caused by all vehicles. A joint study by ICCT andADACshowed the largest deviations from Volvo, Citron, Hyundai, Renault, Jeep and Fiatbecause of which, the diesel market fell considerably(Krall Peng, 2015). The high-level management personals faced huge legal and ethical issues due to this scandal. This incident broke many ethics and business rules. If we take this incident as an example to discuss upon the theories of managerial issue previously elaborated, we will find that this incident broke at least two of the four prime ethical theories of management. If we criticize this scandal from utilitarian approach then we will see that it was morally incorrect for the governing body of the company to cheat on particle emission tests. It violated many environmental treaties among countries. It contributed into causing major environmental pollution for which health issues can be generated. Environmental protection acts exists to serve not only an individuals needs but to protect the nature from harm. Moreover, the CEO of VW avoided the press release of the scandal in order to protect the integrity of the company leading to causing ignorance of the buyers. It broke consumers trust on the comp any and involved them into the crime they are committing towards government of several countries. This also raises questions regarding the morality of the managerial body. It was an unethical corporate action and cannot be attributed solely to a single manager. From the point of view of moral right approach, this scandal jeopardized the moral rights of the stakeholders. People who invested in the shares of the company suffered huge loss without knowing the reality of the situation. They broke buyers trust. From the stakeholders point of view it broke their right to free counsel, right of freedom of conscience as well as their right of life and safety. Apart from these two, this incident also violated the justice theory. As the company broke many rules and committed serious crimes by cheating in the fundamental tests run on vehicles in order for them to acquire permission to launch these vehicles. There are many ways of approaching an ethical dilemma and one strategy that is based on norms and values may be a good way. Among many approaches that are included in the normative approach, four approaches are relevant to managers for dealing with an ethical dilemma(Ford Richardson, 2013). The utilitarian approach or rule based theory dates back to eighteenth century and was first formulated by Jeremy Bentham. Later on John Stuart Mill redefined it(Nahavandi, 2016). The theory reflects upon the consequences of any action on the stakeholders. This theory avoids self-interest and considers interests of all persons affected by an action impartially. Parties who are affected by the result of any actions are stakeholders. This theory implemented when benefits needed to be maximized and overall harm is to be minimized for all the stakeholders. Utilitarian theory recognizes that trade-off is present during decision-making. It includes cost-benefit analysis while taking any decision(Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, 2015). The individualism theory states that, when any act promotes the individuals best long-term interests at that instance, that particular act is considered moral(Pullen Rhodes, 2015). A decisions goodness is calculated in order to determine the best long-term advantage to them. In theory, the greater good is achieved when people learn to help each other for their best personal interest. It is believed that individualism ultimately leads to integrity and honesty because in the end that results in best output. Therefore, this theory ultimately urges people to behave as such they want to receive from others. An important consideration towards this approach is that this theory projects towards short-term variations. This theory is unpopular in todays society as it argues for immediate self-gain(Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, 2015). According to the moral rights theory, humans have elementary liberties that no way could be withdrawn by other peoples decision. Therefore, a choice that preserves right of all individuals related to an event of concern is said to be an ethical decision. There are six fundamental ethical rights that should be taken into account while making a choice during. First, the right to give approval freely states that any person should be treated as per their consent of free will. Second, the right to confidentiality concerns with the right of a person to abstain information about their private life. Third, the right of freedom of principles ensures that an Individual may abstain from abiding any order that violates their threatens their religious and ethical values. Fourth, the right of freedom of speech provides a person with right to criticize honestly the ethics or legality of other people actions. Fifth, the right of having unbiased decision entitles a person of having an unbiased hearin g and proper justice. Sixth, the right of life and security protects an individuals right to live a safe life and avoiding any situation that threatens it. It is important that managers understand these principles and do not interfere or violate these fundamental principles.(Bowen, 2013). The justice theory states that, moral choices must be taken based on the terms of equity, impartiality and fairness. Aristotle and Plato did the foundations of justice theory in the fifth century B.C. However, a significant contemporary contributor to this theory is John Rawls. Fairness, equity and impartiality are the major components of justice theory. There are three types of justice that concerns managers of any organization are; 1. distributive justice 2. procedural justice and 3. compensatory justice(Verssimo Lacerda, 2015). Distributive justice contemplates that difference in treatment towards people should not be based on random personality. Similar people concerning a decision should receive similar treatment. For example, gender bias should not reside in a work place. Female and male employees should receive similar salary if they perform similar duties. However, people who endowed with different jobs or if they have different skills, their salary may vary among them(van G ils, Van Quaquebeke, van Knippenberg, van Dijke, De Cremer, 2015). Procedural justice ensures fair administration of rules. Before enforcing any rule, it should be stated clearly and consistent as well as impartial enforcement should be done(Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Compensatory justice says that people who are responsible for any injustice or fault that have occurred must compensate for their actions. Moreover, people are not to be receiving punishment over matters one have no control(Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013). Appreciating these approaches is a first step; managers will have to think of ways to implement them(Jin, Drozdenko, DeLoughy, 2013). These approaches present common principles that managers can be familiar with while making ethical decisions. The managers in the fraud in question, should have considered the the morals and ethics of the situation before committing such crimes. The situation demands for the managers to undergo procedural justice as well as compensatory justice. To certain extent, steps were taken in order to compensate for the losses the stakeholders suffered when VW announced to rebuild the engines. However, the agencies and the secondary consumers or the target customers were not compensated. The internal stakeholders who were not aware of the crimes the governing body was committing were also affected. In general, this scandal not only affected the justice system but also the entire society and more broadly it jeopardized the entire environment contributing to increase in global warming. The company deceived the society in so many ethical levels if we consider that when they were caught, VW officials denied what they did. Their unsympathetic attempt to compensate the people they deceived by presenting th em merely $1,000 and free of cost emergency roadside aid was not enough. According to Yotam Lurie who is a senior lecturer of business ethics at Ben-Gurion University in Israel it was acceptable for the software engineers to avoid their responsibility as professionals. Even if it was less efficient or economical, it was their liability to ensure safety, which in this case is the environmental safety. This scandal showed that ethics is just a word written in books that most people fail to follow. People are disobedient in nature. Agencies like the EPA enforce rules but professionals do their jobs in as they think is right as long as they do not get caught. It implies that it is okay to violate rules unless you are exposed. For such a fundamental systemic problem, there exists no particular solution. However, to prevent such scandals a routine study of ethics and principles for the leasers of the world is necessary. Volkswagen is not the first organization to commit such a felony and will not be that last one. Business and corporate ethics programs can outline the consequences of ethics violations so that one rethinks before committing such felony. Nearly all incidence of corporate felony, result in penalty but not criminal charges and prison sentences. The question is who will ensure that organizational or corporate decisions will be taken ethically? The burden always falls upon the leaders to enlighten the followers about morals and ethics. Here the leaders will not only be the leaders of the particular organization in question but also the government leaders as well. Leaders before taking any decision or passing judgment should analyze whether the decision or the judgment was ethical of not. In order to lead an organization in a just way it is important to have regards towards ethics and morals. Having principles and morals improves a persons character. For government leaders they have the responsibility to abide by law as well as law enforcement. Making strict laws against such felonies may ensure that these corporate organizations abide by ethics. A lot of companies and business organization face trouble because people have misunderstanding that, law or free will governs choices. People have a tendency to think presume that if something is not illegal, then it must be moral. However, ethics and morals have very different meaning from legality of any decision or situation. People must understand that there is a third domain that something could be legal and unethical at the same time. When values of an individual of values of a society are in conflict at that situation ethical dilemma arises. A person who is under the burden of taking moral decisions and implementing ethical decisions is the moral agent. These choices can be regarding personal choices, decisions to be taken for any organization or may be regarding society or any social issue. According to Friedman (2002), the only rule of business is to increase profit without jeopardizing any law or commit any fraud or scam(Christensen, Mackey, Whetten, 2014). Volkswagen did mislead both governmental agencies as well as customers. Here they did not abide by any laws, they broke environmental protection laws, and they cheated their customers as well as the society. They followed neither any law nor any ethics. For a brand of such a status, they have a responsibility towards world and society. Such brands tend to influence young minds. Leaders of such huge organizations tend to become role models for young minds. In order to bring a change in such cases a strong leader with morals and principals should be chosen to lead an organization. It would be the leaders responsibility to implement the ethical code to the employees so that the organization does not face such situation again. Government laws against such scandals should also be very strict. In these situations as mon ey tends to resolve matters it should be taken into account that this scenario ay influence young minds into thinking that it is okay to commit felony if they can pay their way out of legal proceedings. Laws regarding such issues need to be improvised. As a concluding not it can be added that, people need to apply moral and ethical codes in practical lives rather than just talking about it theoretically. Bibliography Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A., Fisscher, O. A. (2013). 14. Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, AAn integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility. Journal of cleaner production, , 7-17. Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J. S., Wozniak, D. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal. Bowen, H. R. (2013). Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press. Burki, T. K. (2015). Diesel cars and health: the Volkswagen emissions scandal. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3(11), 838-839. Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors. The Academy of Management Perspect, 164-178. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crte, R. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance. Eur. J. Risk Reg., 7, 25. Ewing, J. (2015). Volkswagen says 11 million cars worldwide are affected in diesel deception. The New York Times, 22. New York: The New York Times. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. . In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics, Springer Netherlands., 19-44. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2015). The value of corporate culture. . Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 60-76. Jin, K. G., Drozdenko, R., DeLoughy, S. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. Journal of business ethics, , 15-24. Krall, J. R., Peng, R. D. (2015). The Volkswagen scandal: Deception, driving and deaths. Significance, 12(6),, 12-15. Myers, M. D. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. sage. Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. . Pearson. Pullen, A., Rhodes, C. (2015). Ethics, embodiment and Organizations. Organization, 22(2), 159-165. Valentine, S., Fleischman, G., Godkin, L. (2015). Rogues in the ranks of selling organizations: Using corporate ethics to manage workplace bullying and job satisfaction. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,, 143-163. van Gils, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., van Knippenberg, D., van Dijke, M., De Cremer, D. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower organizational deviance: The moderating role of follower moral attentiveness. The Leadership Quarterly,, 190-203. Verssimo, J., Lacerda, T. (2015). Does integrity matter for CSR practice in organizations? The mediating role of transformational leadership. Business Ethics: A European Review,, 34-51. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. . Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wotruba, T. R., Chonko, L. B., Loe, T. W. (2015). Wotruba, T. R.,How Do Codes of Ethics Affect Managerial Behavior? The Impact of FAmiliarity. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publish, 430-430.

The Information Age Net Neutrality examples Essay Example For Students

The Information Age: Net Neutrality examples Essay Net NeutralityThe 21st Century, commonly referred to as the Information Age, is largely dependent on the Internet. The Internet has historically been an open medium, as it provides access to the world’s largest collection of information. In order to protect this establishment, The Federal Communications Committee (FCC), a government agency which serves as an authority on communications law, regulation, and technological advancement, put in place a set of laws, called the Open Internet Order, in order to establish a concept of net neutrality. These net neutrality laws stood in effect until January 14, 2014, when a Federal Appeals Court struck down the Open Internet Order, on the grounds that the FCC had overstepped its authority to regulate this field. Net neutrality, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, is â€Å"the fact or principle of Internet service providers enabling access to all content and applications regardless of the source or destination, and without favor ing or blocking particular formats, products, web sites, etc. We will write a custom essay on The Information Age: Net Neutrality examples specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now † (net, n.1). That means that if two users share a common Internet Service Provider (ISP), they are entitled to the same quality of service regardless of data size. If one user is downloading large music files, while the other is sending an email, their quality of service should be the same. Net neutrality laws are important and necessary because they protect against Internet Service Providers forming monopolies on the market, screening the content a user can view, and stifling freedom of speech. By shooting down the FCC’s Open Internet Act, doors have been opened to Internet Service Providers to be price hungry merchants, ultimately hurting content providers and customers alike. The court’s decision to. .v.-Dec. 2010: 6+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2014.Clemmitt, M. (2012, April 13). Internet regulation. CQ Researcher, 22, 325-348. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/Franken, Al. Net Neutrality Is Foremost Free Speech Issue of Our Time. CNN. Cable News Network, 05 Aug. 2010. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.Maisto, Michelle. FCC, Net Neutrality Lose Out To Verizon In District Court Ruling. Eweek (2014): 4. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. net, n.1. OED Online. December 2013. Oxford University Press. 1 February 2014 oed.com/view/Entry/126280?redirectedFrom=net+neutrality>.Net Neutrality: What You Need to Know in a Pay-to-play Internet World. The Republican. N.p. , 27 Jan. 2014. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.Stucke, Maurice E. Journal of Antitrust Enforcement. Is Competition Always Good?N.p., 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.

Why Shakespeares Works Still Live On

Why Shakespeares Works Still Live On Free Online Research Papers Why Shakespeares Works Still Live On William Shakespeare is perhaps the greatest playwright in the history of mankind. He is a global literary icon who is known in every country, city, and household across the globe. Although he has lived and died during the Elizabethan era, his works have survived hundreds of years of change and remain alive and unaltered to this very day. His works, which are considered literary masterpieces, are regarded highly by writers, teachers, and students, since they are epitomes of literature in its various forms. He perfected a wide array of genres- tragedies, comedies, romances, and histories. He even blended some of these genres together and formed the romantic comedy. Shakespeare is popular in the educational world due to the fact that his works encompass universal themes that apply to every time period and place, a diverse set of characters which enable readers to connect with and learn truths about human nature from, and rich language that teaches various literary devices and techniques and how to use them effectively. In his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare introduces universal themes that are timeless; they remain relevant to this very day. The main themes introduced in this play include love, magic, and dreams verses reality. His main focus in this particular play is love. The characters in this play experience the joys and hardships of love. They portray the idea that when people, especially youngsters, are in love, they rely on their instincts rather than reason and therefore act impulsively and rather foolishly. The power and force of love disables their ability to reason. In other words, one can say that love is blind. This theory of love is presented when Helena states: â€Å"Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind; And therefore is winged cupid painted blind. Nor hath love’s mind of any judgment taste† (1.1.240-242). In this quote, Helena clarifies that when a person is in love, he or she lacks judgment and is therefore blind. The blindness and irrationality of love is also portrayed through the characters’ actions. When Hermia elopes with her lover Lysander, and thus risks her life by defying her father’s order, her foolishness due to love is shown. The blindness of love is also depicted when Helena informs Demetrius the plans of Hermia and Lysander in hopes of regaining his love. She does not thoroughly think through her plans before putting them into action, since not only does she betray the trust of her childhood friend Hermia, but she also pushes Demetrius farther away from her, rather than bringing him closer as she had hoped. After being informed of their plan, Demetrius chases after Hermia, causing Helena’s plan to win him back to ultimately backfire. Despite her failure to win his heart, Helena persists in pursuing Demetrius. Even though Helena is aware that her love is unrequited: â€Å"the more I love, the more he hateth me† (1.1.205), she still blindly follows him. Both her bl indness and foolishness are shown when she degrades herself and loses her sense of pride and self-esteem: â€Å"I am your spaniel, and Demetrius, the more you beat me, I will fawn on you. Use me but as your spaniel; spurn me, strike me, neglect me, lose me; only give me leave to follow you.† (2.1.210-214). This shows how pathetic and desperate a person can be, and the things they will do to get love in return. The characteristic Shakespeare gave to Helena is sadly a characteristic that is visible in the world today. People, especially teenagers, take whatever measures in order to win the hearts of those they love. In addition, this blindness is also portrayed when Demetrius and Lysander nearly engage in a duel in order to gain Helena’s love. This is when they are each under the influence of the potion’s spell and are blindly in love with Helena and this power of love pushes them to extreme measures. They would willingly fight one another and endanger their li ves in order to win Helena’s heart. Puck’s comment on the four lovers further signifies their foolishness: â€Å"What fools these mortals be!†(3.2.116). This impulsiveness due to love is visible in the world today since people, especially teenagers, act impetuously and irrationally when it comes to love. Shakespeare also shows that love can cause jealousy, which in turn, can cause a person to resort to revenge and perhaps, even violence. This is portrayed when Oberon is jealous of Titania’s love for the Indian boy. In order to punish her and seek revenge, he orders Puck to put her under a spell in order to force her to fall in love with Bottom, who is quite ridiculously stupid and has a face that is transformed to that of an ass. In addition, due to jealousy caused by love, Helena and Hermia fight, causing their childhood friendship to collapse thus jeopardizing their trust in one another. In addition, there is an unbalance of love throughout this play since in the beginning, both Demetrius and Lysander love Hermia while Helena is cast aside. When the fairies meddle and the characters are under the influence of the magic spell, the unbalance in love becomes even more confusing since both Demetrius and Lysander fall in love with Helena and this time, Hermia is the one left unloved. The unbalance in love depicted throughout this play remains visible to this very day. Everywhere we look, we see that not everyone possesses the hearts of those they love. Although some couples are fortunate enough to love each other, there are plenty of other people who don’t receive the same feelings of love they feel towards someone. The whole world seems to be as if it is a complicated and unbalanced love equation. Shakespeare also teaches readers that with love comes sacrifice. Love is never easy and as Lysander states, â€Å"the course of true love never did run smooth.† (1.1.136). During the play, Hermia sacrifices the relationship with her father in order to be with her true love. Her father Egeus wants her to marry Demetrius, but since Hermia’s heart belongs to Lysander, she refuses to do so and refuses to love someone based on the judgment of another person: â€Å"O hell, to choose love by another’s eyes!† (1.1.142). Despite her father’s disapproval, she elopes with Lysander and thus risks her life and destroys her ties relations with her father. Magic is another theme in the play and it shows the ‘supernatural’ power of love that a human being cannot choose to avoid, just like a spell. This is symbolized by the love potion which brings out the ‘magical powers’ of love. The love potion also tells us that love, like magic, can control us in its own way and can make us blind. Magic contributes largely to create major conflict in the play by creating chaos and tensions. This is seen when Puck mistakenly applies the love potion to Lysander’s eyelids and he falls head over heels for Helena and abandons his former love, Hermia: â€Å"Content with Hermia? No, I do repent the tedious minutes I with her spent. Not Hermia, but Helena I love.† (2.2.120). Demetrius is also under the influence of the magic spell and falls in love with the lady he once despised, Helena. The effect of magic on these characters also shows how capricious emotions are and how they change so abruptly. In addition, magic contributes the dream-like ambiance in the play and makes all the bizarre events in the play acceptable. Although magic creates complications in the play, it ultimately re-stabilizes the situation and resolves tensions created throughout the play. Shakespeare uses magic to make events more suspenseful and cause a sense of concord through discord. People accept the fact that Demetrious and Lysander both loved Hermia, then they both loved Helena, and finally everything was resolved and the love equation reaches its equilibrium. If magic was not involved, people would not have accepted the somewhat bizarre events. Thus, magic ties the loose ends in this novel. Shakespeare’s choice to incorporate magic in his play helps broaden the imagination of his readers and enhance their creative abilities. In fact, the fairies in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream inspired four hundred years of stories and pictures of these butterfly-winged creatures living in the woods. Although some may argue that magic is unreal, it still has an influence on our society, since reading about magic helps readers escape the harsh realities of their lives and visit a dreamlike world, causing them to be more imaginative thinkers. Magic can still be seen today whether it is in plays, movies, or novels such as Harry Potter and The Chronicles Narnia. This shows that magic continues to inspire our society and have an impact on it. A third theme introduced in the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is dreams verses reality. This is portrayed by the two distinctive settings Shakespeare uses in this play; Athens and the enchanted forest. Athens is a harsh, realistic, and lawful place while the forest is an imaginative place where possibilities are endless. Despite the contrast between the two different settings, they complement each other and add a sense of balance to the play. This theme portrays the idea that dreams are necessary to establish reality, since without the ‘dream’ in this particular play, the equation of love would not have been balanced and there would have been no marriage between each of the two lovers. This shows how dreams play a crucial role in the lives of human beings and its significance gives A Midsummer Night’s Dream its name. This theme remains important in our everyday life, for nothing can be achieved without dreaming. To accomplish great things, one must not only act, but also dream; not only play, but also believe. Shakespeare effectively portrays a diverse set of characters in this play. He uses various character types such as stereotypes and archetypes in his play A Midsummer Night’s Dream. These types of character are present to this very day and remain visible in our daily life. For example, the act of stereotyping is something very common nowadays as much as it used to be over four hundred years ago. We can still see stereotyping in books, movies, as well as our everyday lives where people are constantly being discriminated based on their religions, cultural backgrounds, social statuses, and nationalities. As for this play, a person may say that the character Hermia is stereotyped as a rich, beautiful girl who gets everything she desires including love. It is much like today’s society in which people are stereotyped as spoiled if they are rich. Another example of a stereotypical character in this play is the character Bottom. He is the actor who always wants to steal the show and seems to be more interested in his costume rather than his role; he spends much more time worrying about the minor details of the performance such as the color of beard he should wear rather than worrying about his lines: â€Å"I will discharge it in either you straw-color beard, your orange- tawny beard, your purple-in-grain beard, or your French-crown-color beard, you perfit yellow.† (1.2.89-92). Bottom thus verifies many of our cultural stereotypes of actors. Another type of character introduced in this play is archetypes. An example of an archetype is the duke of Athens, Theseus who is portrayed as a fair and just king: â€Å"What say you Hermia?†(1.1.47). This shows the readers how Theseus is the epitome of justice due to the fact that he acts fairly towards people of all statuses. Theseus states this quote when Egeus turns to him in order to discuss his daughter’s decision and how the severe punishment should be enforced if she goes again st his wishes. In response, Theseus tries to connect with Hermia in order to reach an understanding in which both sides are content. Theseus is also the true image Shakespeare draws for Queen Elizabeth, flattering her through his plays. In addition, Shakespeare uses only a few methods of characterization. He depicted the character’s personalities and qualities through their dialogues and how other characters feel about them. He did not include a lot of physical description since he wanted the readers to use their imagination and be able to relate to these characters. Another technique he used was creating different plots with different characters of various social statuses and slowly bringing them together as the play develops. This was intended to show that even people who are worlds apart can meet and interact at some point in their lifetimes. This also makes it easier for each person in the audience to relate to the character most resembling his or her own self, engaging the audience further in the play. In the characters that Shakespeare uses in his plays, they are sometimes successful and at other times their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. Shakespeare skillfully uses his understanding of human nature to enhance these connections and shape his texts and intuitive relationship with his audiences. His great understanding of human nature just adds more to his fame. This is because he was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Nevertheless he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings in which their struggles in life are universal. Through the actions of his characters in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he teaches his audience that when one is in love, the ability to reason diminishes and his or her emotions alter their perceptions. This is portrayed when Hermia willingly elopes with Lysander and thus, risks her life. This can also be seen in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet where the tragic hero of the play, Romeo, is in constant agony with love: Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! Where shall we dine?- O me! What fray was here? Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. Heres much to do with hate but more with love. Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O anything of nothing first created! O heavy lightness, serious vanity, misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. (1.1.101-110). From this quote, the reader can comprehend how Romeo is very much in love with someone who does not love exchange his love in return. So as an act of recoil, this young, foolish, impetuous, teenager rushes into what he thinks is falling in love with Juliet, who supposedly returns the same feelings towards him. Yet all would be perfect except for the fact that R omeo and Juliets families are sworn enemies. Thus it is not possible for them to ever be together. This bitter rivalry causes the two lovers to rebel without their parents knowledge, leading up to many negative results such as the death of Romeos friend, Mercutio, and finally the suicide of both Romeo and Juliet due to a misunderstanding. The reason why readers perhaps enjoy Romeo and Juliet the most out of all of Shakespeares play is possibly because they can relate to it and can learn from Romeo how it is not wise to rush into love. Yet at the same time the reader can obviously see the human nature within Romeo and understand his actions since it is not always easy to not have someone you know you are meant to be with, like in this case. Another example of human nature portrayed within Shakespeares play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is when Helena is full of jealousy and she discovers that the man she loves, Demetrius, is truly in love with her best friend, Hermia, rather than in love with her: Call you me â€Å"fair†? That â€Å"fair† again unsay. Demetrius loves your fair. O happy fair! (1.1. 181-182). Shakespeare shows that it is part of human nature to feel jealousy when the person one loves is in love with someone else. Shakespeare also teaches his audience that emotions change and are not everlasting and this is part of human nature. Throughout this play, the characters’ feelings towards certain characters change very abruptly and this portrays the idea that emotions and feelings change all the time. This is portrayed when both Demetrius and Lysander are in love with Hermia, and then are madly in love with Helena. In the end, Lysander is in love with Hermia once again while Demetrius is in love with Helena, thus causing the tangled love equation to finally reach its equilibrium. The characters’ actions and feelings teach the readers various truths about human nature. Through these characters, they not only connect t o them, but they also understand themselves better and gain a better understanding of the world around them. One thing that fascinates everybody, especially today, is Shakespeare’s unique language. Not only does his old English style seem elegant now, but it was also very easy for the audience to understand during Shakespeare’s lifetime, which is one of the main reasons why Shakespeares works have gained popularity at the time, and in turn, survived to this day. In addition to this, he blended grand, poetic language with simple, everyday language in order to attract both the educated and uneducated. For example, the fairies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream speak in fancy, poetic language and this is shown when the fairy says on its first appearance: â€Å"Over hill, over dale, thorough bush, thorough brier, over park, over pale, thorough flood, thorough fire; I do wander everywhere, swifter than the moon’s sphere. And I serve the Fairy Queen, to dew her orbs upon the green. The cowslips tall her pensioners be; in their gold coats spots you see; those be rubies, fair y favors; in those freckles live their savors. I must go seek some dewdrops here and hang a pearl in every cowslip’s ear.† (2.1.2-15). This language, enriched with imagery and poetry, attracted the upper class of educated people. On the other hand, the craftsmen speak in simple, everyday language in order to attract the uneducated. This is shown in parts like: â€Å"I grant you, friends, if you should fright the discretion but to hand us. But I will aggravate my voice so that I will roar you as gently as any sucking dove. I will roar you an ‘twere any nightingale†(1.2.43-46). If all the play was written in the enriched poetic language, the uneducated (which were a majority at that time) would not have understood, and thus Shakespeare’s plays would not have gained all this popularity and might not have even survived to this day. Symbolism usually plays a major role in Shakespeare’s various plays, giving it a lot of intensity and depth. What makes Shakespeare’s symbolism even more unique is that he uses nature and elements from culture as his symbols; even the setting is symbolic. For example, in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare uses Athens as the setting of the play to symbolize order, and made the lovers flee to the woods; a place where the Athenian law couldn’t be applied. Since the woods are associated with wild animals and the fairies that rule it, it symbolizes a chaotic area where magic flowers and the lovers, like animals, are driven more by their instincts than their brains. The night also helps emphasize this, for in the dark woods anything can happen. The darkness of the night also symbolizes the blindness of love, which we see very clearly through the tangled love ties that develop later on. Most of the events of the play took place in a moonlit area of the forest , and since during Shakespeare’s time it was believed that the over-exposure to the moon’s rays led to insanity, the moon is a symbol of lunacy. It was also a symbol of fickleness because its shape changes every night. In fact, the moon was mentioned twenty-eight times in the play, which is also very symbolic, for that is a day before the moon completes a full cycle. Perhaps this indicates how the play indeed has an advance to its peak of action when the full moon arose and then the action slowly faded away as the moon disappears in the sky. But the cycle is not complete, since permanent changes have been made and, unlike the moon, the play doesn’t end where it started. Even the title of the play is symbolic, because a mid-summer’s night is the longest night of the year, and even the lovers say this, for example, Hermia says: â€Å"O weary night, O long and tedious night, Abate thy hours! Shine, comforts, from the east,† (3.2.460). It’s clea r from the way she speaks that this night was not a normal one, and that’s why it fits all this action. Midsummer night was also the evening of a grand festival for spirits. Even Oberon and Titania are symbolic characters; their language which is sometimes poetic like the fairies and sometimes normal shows the mix between their supernatural powers and human passions and desires. Symbolism was also used in another Shakespearian play, The Merchant of Venice. This play is set in Venice, Italy, a city that is now associated with romance, clearly reflecting the characters’ romantic relationships. The moon is again used as a symbol when the characters Jessica, Nerissa and Portia reveal their double identities as members of the court. They are sitting in the moonlight, and the moon, as previously mentioned, symbolizes fickleness and change, indicating an important shift in the play. All of these symbols are the biggest of example of how every word Shakespeare said meant somet hing, reflecting the depth of his plays that one is still inspired by till this day. Another one of Shakespeare’s talents is changing a character’s language to show the way that character feels. For example, the lovers normally speak in rhyming couplets: â€Å"Call you me â€Å"fair†? That â€Å"fair† again unsay. Demetrius loves your fair. O happy fair! Your eyes are lodestars and your tongue’s sweet air more tunable than lark to shepherd’s ear† (1.1.184). Helena says this at the very beginning in the palace when Hermia innocently asks her: â€Å"Godspeed, fair Helena. Whither away?† However, this language changes when the lovers enter the forest, under the pressure of emotions generated from the confused situation and the lovers soon give up their rhyming couplets and use blank verses instead: â€Å"Have you conspired, have you with these contrived, to bait me with this foul derision? Is all the counsel we two have shared, the sisters’ vows, the hours that we have spent when we have chid the hasty footed time for parting us – O is all forgot?† (3.2.201). Helena says this to Hermia when both Lysander and Demetrius are under the love spell and start flattering her endlessly. She is clearly confused and the absence of the romantic couplets she used in the first act reveals this. On the other hand-side, Lysander and Demetrius, who are under a love spell during this time, continue to speak in an extremely ‘magically’ elegant poetic language: â€Å"O Helena, goddess, nymph, perfect divine! To what my love shall I compare thine eyne? Crystal is muddy. O, how ripe in show, they lips, those kissing cherries, tempting grow!† (3.2.140) Demetrius, who bitterly hated Helena, is now flattering her; using a metaphor to transform her lips into cherries in blossom. Shakespeare even uses this effect with Hermia, to express her happiness: â€Å"Dark night, that from the eye his function takes, The ear more quick of apprehension makes; Wherein it doth impair the seeing sense, it pays the hearing double recompense. Thou art not by mine eye, Lysander, found; M ine ear, I thank it, brought me to thy sound.† (3.2.181). Hermia says this when she finally finds Lysander in the forest. All these simple changes have a big impact on making the play clearer and bringing each character further into life and making them more realistic. This method of expressing a character’s feelings is still used today, though in a simpler way, like making a character stammer in the middle of a sentence to indicate nervousness. Allusions are a key element in making Shakespeare’s plays more realistic, and glorifying his characters for emphasis. For example, in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Oberon, King of the fairies, says: â€Å"Fetch me this herb, and be thou here again ere the leviathan can swim a league† (2.1.179), emphasizing how fast Puck should bring him the ‘love-in-idleness’ flower. The leviathan is a monstrous sea creature mentioned in the Bible. This shows how Shakespeare links the Bible and weaves it’s stories into his own. The importance of love is also emphasized by his multiple allusions to many important figures in Greek mythology in the ten lines: â€Å"My good Lysander! I swear to thee, by Cupids strongest bow, By his best arrow with the golden head, By the simplicity of Venus doves, By that which knitteth souls and prospers loves, And by that fire which burnd the Carthage queen, When the false Troyan under sail was seen, By all the vows that ever men have broke, In number more than ever women spoke, In that same place thou hast appoin ted me, To-morrow truly will I meet with thee. (1.1.168-178). In these lines only, he refers to Cupid: god of love, Venus: goddess of love, and Dido: who loved Aeneas and Troyan (or Aeneas) who was a hero of the Trojan War and the mythological founder of Rome. All of these allusions appeal to the audience, bringing the story closer to their minds’ grasp and revealing the Greek influence on Shakespeare’s plays. Imagery is valid in Shakespeare’s plays to stimulate the audience’s imagination. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream nature and animal imagery helps the audience picture the setting. An example of this is in Act 2, scene 1: â€Å"I know a bank where the wild thyme blows, where oxlips and the nodding violet grows, quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine, with sweet musk-roses and with eglantine: there sleeps Titania sometime of the night, lull’d in these flowers with dances and delight; and there the snake throws her enamell’d skin, weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in.† (249-256). This helps give emphasis to the ‘enchanted forest’ atmosphere. On the other hand: â€Å"You spotted snakes with double tongue, thorny hedgehogs, be not sen; newts and blind-worms, do no wrong, come not near our fairy queen. Philomel, with melody sing in our lullaby; lulla lulla lullaby, lulla, lulla, lullaby: never harm, nor spell nor charm, come our lovely lady nigh; so, good night, with lullaby. Weaving spiders, come not here; hence, you long-legg’d spinners, hence! Beetles black, approach not near; worm nor snail, do no offence.† (2.2.9-24†. Here, imagery is used to emphasize the spooky creatures that inhabit the forest. Imagery is still an important ingredient in present day novels, and this helps engage the readers in the play and use his or her imagination. Though written during the Elizabethan era, Shakespeare’s words have survived during the course of hundreds of years and remain unchanged. His works still effectively engage the readers and have an impact upon their hearts and minds. His works deal with universal themes which can be applied to any time and place. One can draw parallels between the issues Shakespeare deals with in his plays and the problems people face today. In addition, the diverse set of characters he creates enables the audience to relate to them. This is because people perceive themselves in these characters. Also through the errors these characters make, the audience can learn about human nature and behavior, which in effect, helps understand themselves better. Shakespeare’s use of eloquent and rich language provides students with a broad knowledge of literary style and technique, while serving to develop and improve writing skills. His themes, characters, and language make reading his works a tr uly valuable and rewarding experience. Research Papers on Why Shakespeare's Works Still Live OnHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetStandardized TestingMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Key concepts in science -see tasks attached Essay

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Essay question-Non-violent Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question-Non-violent - Essay Example On the other hand, revolutionaries such as Martin Luther King Jr., Dalai Lama and Mohandas Gandhi used non-violent means to include strikes, sit-ins and peaceful marches. Non-violent revolutions are normally characterized by the peaceful nature that they take rather than use of violence to get a reaction one expects. People who resolve to use this form of revolution often hope to set a better example to the future generations (Sharp, 2003, 183). If anything is to be determined from past revolution, one note that the society as a whole tends to benefit from non-violent revolutions than from violent revolutions. I do agree that non- violent revolutions work Non violence does not explicitly imply not partaking in violence; it can also be viewed as a way in which a person can use positive action as a way of resisting oppression and to bring about transformation in the community. Mahatma Gandhi once stated â€Å"The essence of non-violent technique is that it seeks to liquidate antagonisms but not the antagonists†. This can simply be interpreted to mean that non-violent revolutions aim to change the opponent’s point of view and win them over. It is a win-win situation. Revolutionists who use this method do so in inevitably they will be able to persuade their oppressors into seeing things from their perspective and that their point of view is right. Non violent participants do not seek out to harm their oppressors in any way. On the contrary, they are willing to suffer whatever it takes in order to bring about some form of change in the society. The reason as to why non-violence has such great fascination is because it removes the absurdity of trying to make the society more just and less violent place by using violence as a tool. If people are hoping to be a great leader, then it would be expected that they set the best