The Sexualisation And Popularization Of Feminism Within...

The sexualisation and popularization of Feminism within the 21ST century Introduction Feminism as an idea has been actively intersected and integrated within the western mainstream pop culture progressively since the beginning of the 21st century. Some of the largest players in the current mainstream music scene not only identify as feminist but also encourage their millions of fans to do the same. While this could potentially be a positive influence on a movement that has struggled to gain larger scale mainstream representation since it’s beginnings in the 19th centaury, this essay aims to explore the damage it is inevitably causing to the movement. I argue that the introduction of feminism into mainstream pop culture has been deliberately controlled, manipulated and harmfully misrepresented in an attempt to thwart the movement’s natural evolution and progression. This essay will explore the various aspects to such an argument in a number of steps. Firstly, I will begin with a necessary and brief history of both First and second wave feminism as well as a general evaluation of the current gendered system. I will go on to then discuss new age pop culture and mass media, as well as its involvement with the erroneous, sexulisated and popularized version of feminism that has been specifically highlighted within the new millennium. Consequently, I will also discuss how this is tied in to both the objectification, and subjectification of women and the recent shift between the

Capital Punishment Of The United States Essay - 1680 Words

In our contemporary criminal justice system, capital punishment has been one of the most debated topic. Capital punishment is also known as the death penalty. It is a punishment by death of a person by the government, as a result of committing a vicious crime. The nature of the punishment raises a plethora of human-right case; therefore, it has led to its abolishment in many countries. In several countries, the ending of capital punishment against juveniles has been accomplished through enforcement if specific provisions of international agreements, which prohibit the execution of a juvenile. Although, Capital punishment for adults is allowed under international law, the execution of a juvenile is not tolerated. Almost every country in the world have ratified or sign the United Nation Convention on the right of a child treaty. The United States is the only country with a pending reservation to the Article forbidding the execution of juveniles. Juvenile capital punishment has been an active force in the United States for decades. Statistics show, most offenders were sentence to death row as a juvenile and later executed as an adult. Capital punishment for juvenile offenders appears to have forsaken by the United Nation Convention on the right of a child and other international agreements. History of Capital punishment in the U.S The practice of capital punishment for juveniles in the United States was originated from the English common law. The minimum age of a criminalShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The United States928 Words   |  4 PagesAs we near the culmination of the twentieth century, capital punishment is in decline. Once a near universal practice, the death penalty has been abolished in 101 countries, as of July 2015(Amnesty International, 2015) and executions have become less common amongst industrialised democracies. Some nations keep capital statutes for instances of exceptional crimes such as treason, but parts of the former Soviet Union, Japan and the United States of America (USA) still administer death sentences forRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MoreCapital Punishment Of The United States1495 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment in United States also titled as decease penalty, which is a permitted verdict in thirty one states and the American civilian and services lawful systems. Its application is restricted by the amendment of the eight to intensified killings committed by psychologically competent people. Capital punishment existed a consequence for numerous misdemeanors under English mutual regulation, and it was imposed in entire of the early US colonies preceding to the Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreCapital Pu nishment Of The United States2029 Words   |  9 Pages Capital punishment is one of the most debated topics in the history of the World. It has been implemented and repealed several times by several different countries (DPIC 2014). Capital punishment is the use of the death penalty on someone who has been found guilty of a crime. As of 2013 there are still 58 countries in the international community that still use the death penalty. Of those countries, China had the highest reported number of executions which was in the thousands, the next highest wasRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment in the United States 598 Words   |  3 PagesAre serial criminals effectively being punished? Indeed much improvement must be done. The death penalty needs to be legal in every state. Capital punishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and has been used in America since 1608. The death penalty has been mainly aimed at murder and rape perpetrators. For the past two hundred years w ith over 15,600 executions since 1608, most executions were completed though hangings; however, beginning in the 1900s new forms of execution developedRead More Capital Punishment in the United States Essay2514 Words   |  11 PagesThe death penalty is a controversial topic in the United States today and has been for a number of years. The death penalty is currently legal in 38 states and two federal jurisdictions (Winters 97). The death penalty statutes were overturned and then reinstated in the United States during the 1970s due to questions concerning its fairness (Flanders 50). The death penalty began to be reinstated slowly, but the rate of executions has increased during the 1990s (Winters103-107). There are a numberRead More The Issue of Capital Punishment in the United States Essay3455 Words   |  14 PagesDeath Valley: The Issue of Capital Punishment in the United States Should capital punishment be practiced in the United States? This question has been highly debated for many years because of the numerous, often conflicting perspectives from which various parties have attempted to answer it. These parties range from high-ranking politicians seeking to lower the national crime rate to the average United States taxpayer who does not want to see his or her money being spent inefficiently. In additionRead MoreEssay about Capital Punishment in the United States1844 Words   |  8 Pages Capitol punishment Capital Punishment The Argument Against the Death Penalty The feeling of the condemned man was indescribable, as he was minutes away from being executed by an unjust decision. The verdict of his case was guilty on the grounds of circumstantial evidence. When in all reality, he was guilty because he was black, poor and socially unacceptable. His case never stood a chance, it was over before it started. The judge and jury sentence the man to die in the electric chair. The condemnedRead More Capital Punishment in the United States Essay example2024 Words   |  9 PagesCapital punishment has been a controversial topic in association to ethics all of its existence. Issues pertaining to the execution methods, reasonability in the relationship of punishment to the crime, who receives the death penalty, and innocence have been discussed and researched in great lengths. Capital punishment is still an active form of â€Å"deterrence† in the United States for crimes considered the wo rst of the worst. In this paper I will discuss the history of the death penalty. I willRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Enforced Throughout The United States2182 Words   |  9 Pagesunchanging. The same can be said for death. It is for this reason that the death penalty is so effective. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment,† is defined as â€Å"the execution, or punishment by killing, of a person who has been found guilty of a specific, and usually serious, crime† (Barber). Capital punishment should be enforced throughout the United States because it is a humane tradition that has been practiced for centuries, it deters crime, and it provides retribution and gives justice

The Help of Technology to the Stock Market Free Essays

The purpose of this research paper is to prove that technology has been good for the stock market. Thanks to technology, there are now more traders than ever because of the ease of trading online with firms such as Auditrade and Ameritrade. There are also more stocks that are doing well because they are in the technology field. We will write a custom essay sample on The Help of Technology to the Stock Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now The New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ have both benefitted from the recent technological movement. The NYSE says they â€Å"are dedicated to maintaining the most efficient and technologically advanced marketplace in the world.† The key to that leadership has been the state-of-the-art technology and systems development. Technology serves to support and enhance the human judgement at point-of-sale. NASDAQ, the world†s first fully electronic stock market, started trading on February 8th, 1971. Today, it is the fastest growing stock market in the United States. It alo ranks second among the world†s securities in terms of dollar value. By constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of investors and public companies, NASDAQ has achieved more than almost any other market, in a shorter period of time. Technology has also helped investors buy stocks in other markets. Markets used to open at standard local times. This would cause an American trader to sleep through the majority of a Japanese trading day. With more online and afterhours trading, investors have more access to markets so that American traders can still trade Japanese stocks. This is also helped by an expansion of most market times. Afterhours trading is available from most online trading firms. For investing specialists, technology provides operational capability for handling more stocks and greatly increased volumes of trading. Specialists can follow additional sources of market information, and multiple trading and post-trade functions, all on â€Å"one screen† at work or at home. They are also given interfaces to â€Å"upstairs† risk-management systems. They also have flexiblity to rearrange their physical workspaces, terminals and functional activities. Floor brokers are helped with supports for an industry-wide effort to compare buy/sell contracts for accuracy shortly after the trade. They are also given flexibility in establishing working relationships using the new wireless voice headsets and hand-held data terminals. The ability to provide new and enhanced information services to their trading desks and institutional customers is provided. They have a comprehensive order-management system, that systematizes and tracks all outstanding orders. Technology gives a market†s member organizations flexibility in determining how to staff their trading floor operations as well as flexiblity in using that market†s provided systems, networks and terminals or interfacing their own technology. They are given assurance that their market will have the systems capacity and trading floor operations to handle daily trading and in billions of shares. Member organizations get faster order handling and associated reports to their customers, along with speedier and enhanced market information. They also have a regulatory environment, which assures member organiztions that their customers, large and small, can trade with confidence. Technology also allows lower costs, despite increasing volumes and enhanced products. Companies listed on the NYSE are provided with an electronic link so they may analyze daily trading in their stock, and compare market performance during various time periods. The technology also supports the visibility of operations and information, and regulated auction-market procedures, which listed companies expect from their â€Å"primary† market in support of their capital-raising activities and their shareholder services. Institutions get enhanced information flow from the trading floor, using new wireless technologies, as to pre-opening situations, depth of market, and indications of buy/sell interest by other large traders. Also supported are the fair, orderly, and deeply liquid markets which institutions require in order to allocate the funds they have under management whether placing orders in size for individual stocks (block orders) or executing programs (a series of up to 500 orders usually related to an index). For institutional investors, technology gives information on timely trades and quotes and makes them available through member firms, market data services, cable broadcasts and news media. They also are provided with a very effective way of handling â€Å"smaller† orders, giving them communications priority and full auction market participation for â€Å"price improvement† yet turning the average market order around in 22 seconds. Price continuitity and narrow quotation spreads, which are under constant market surveillence and a regulatory environment which enforces trading rules designed to protect â€Å"small investors† are also supported. There are many different kinds of equipment used on the stock market. One of these machines is SuperDot, an electronic order-routing system through which member firms of the NYSE transmit market and limit orders directly to the trading post where the stock is traded. After the order has been completed in the auction market, a report of execution is returned directly to the member-firm office over the same electronic circuit that brought the order to the trading floor. SuperDot can currently process about 2.5 billion shares per day. Another piece of machinery is the Broker Booth Support System. The BBSS is a state-of-the-art order-management system that enables firms to quickly and efficiently process and manage their orders. BBSS allows firms to selectively route orders electronically to either the trading post or the booths on the trading floor. BBSS supports the following broker functions: recieving orders, entering orders, rerouting orders, issuing reports, research, and viewing other services via terminal â€Å"windows†. The overhead â€Å"crowd† display is America†s first commercial application of large-scale, high-definition, flat-screen plasma technology. It shows trades and quotes for each stock. The display also shows competing national market system quotes. Clear, legible information is displayed at wide viewing angles. Full color and video capabilities are also provided. The â€Å"Hospital Arm† Monitor is suspended for convenient viewing by specialists. Multiple data sources that are displayed include point-of-sale books, overhead â€Å"crowd† displays, market montage and various vendor services. The list of information sources is going to continue expanding. The Point-of-Sale Display Book is a tool that greatly increases the specialist†s volume handling and processing capabilities. Using powerful workstation technology, this database sysem maintains the limit order book for which the specialist has agency responsibility, assists in the recording and dissemination of trades and quotation changes, and facilitates the research of orders. All of this serves to eliminate paperwork and processing orders. The Consolidated Tape System is an integrated, worldwide reporting system of price and volume data for trades in listed securities in all domestic markets in which the securities are traded. The Hand-Held is a mobile, hand-held device that enables brokers to recieve orders, disseminate reports, and send market â€Å"looks† in both data and image format, from anywhere on the trading floor. Intermarket Trading System is a display that was installed in 1978 linking all major U.S. exchanges. ITS allows NYSE and NASDAQ specialists and brokers to compare the price of a security traded on multiple exchanges in order to get the best price for the investor. These are the machines that have helped greatly increase the buying and selling of stocks over the past few years. There are great advantages to trading today over the situation that past traders had. The biggest beneficiaries of this new technology are investors themselves. They have all day to trade instead of trading only during market hours, they have more stocks to choose from, and the markets are very high so people are making a lot of money. In conclusion, I have discovered that the research I have done on this project has revealed what I originally thought to be true. That is that the stock market has greatly benefitted from the recent advances in technologies. How to cite The Help of Technology to the Stock Market, Essay examples

Ethical Principles Decision Making and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Principles Decision Making and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Ancient Greekword ethikos gave rise to the word Ethics. the word ethosgave rise to the work Ethikos and ethos means habit or custom(Goetsch Davis, 2014). Axiology is a branch of philosophy named Axiology includes the further branches of ethic sas well as aesthetics, all of which is concerned with values(Crane Matten, 2016). It is difficult to define precisely the word ethics, but for the purpose of understanding we can say that, it is the code of moral values and principles that is responsible for governing behaviors of a person or a group of people taking into account of right and wrong(Myers, 2013). Ethical principles endow with the fundamentals for an assortment of modern concepts for business, work and organizations, which expand the individual and corporate priorities further than conventional business aims of profit and shareholder improvement. Ethical factors are also a considerable influence on public sector organizations and institutions, for which the conventional priorities of service excellence and cost management must now progressively more take under consideration of these same ethical issues affecting the business and corporate world. When the actions of a person either cause befit or may harm others then only ethical dilemma arises.(Weiss, 2014). Most ethical dilemmas involve the conflict between what is needed to be done and what is the right thing to do. Modern principles or sets of morals that administrate deeds and manners of an entity in the business institute is now regarded as Business ethics(Griffin, 2013). Bothnormativeand descriptive approaches are included in business ethics. The field is principally normative when corporate practice and a career specialization is concerned. in order to encompass descriptive methods several theorists is now trying to comprehend the moral principles of business(Wotruba, Chonko, Loe, 2015). There have been many business organizations that have encountered ethical dilemmas in the past. For the past two years, we have witnessed many scandals that questioned the integrity and business ethics of those organizations(Valentine, Fleischman, Godkin, 2015). One such scandal was on 2015 related to the famous German car brand Volkswagen. Emissionsgate or diselgate is the scandal that erupted in 18th September 2015 when Volkswagen cheated in emissions test. After Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) discovered that Volkswagen (VW) cheated in the emissions testing as they had intentionally plannedturbocharged direct injection(TDI)diesel to regulate specificemissionscontrols only for the duration of laboratoryemissions examinations; German automakerVolkswagen Group were delivered with a legal notice of infringement of the Clean Air Actfrom of United States(Krall Peng, 2015). The vehicles'NOx output was able to meet US standards during regulatory testing due to the program but in re al-world driving the cars discharge up to 40 times more NOx. The defeat device of Volkswagen is not a hardware machine but a software-generated program in the engine that enables the car to detect test conditions and only then activates all the pollution regulatory stops(Blackwelder, Coleman, Colunga-Santoyo, Harrison, Wozniak, 2016). Exhaust flow technique as well as air-fuel ration calculations enable clean diesel engines to reduce emissions. However, in some cases injecting a urea-based solution to render NOx harmless was also used though not in most Volkswagen cars(Krall Peng, 2015). The question is how the car sensed whether it is being tested or not? In majority of the test conditions the cars are adjusted in such a way that first they run at a particular speep for a limited period of time then the speed changes and again the car runs at that speed for a certain time. The central computer of the car can detect whether the inputs match those expected in test conditions(Blackw elder, Coleman, Colunga-Santoyo, Harrison, Wozniak, 2016). The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) is an NGO who performed did independent on-road particle emissions tests, on the Volkswagen Jetta, the Volkswagen Passat and a BMW X5. The similar routhes that are followed by the EPA simulations are rural up/downhill, suburban, urban and highway driving which the ICCT followed during their exams. The results of the Volkswagen cars were much worse than the BMWs results were(Burki, 2015). Compelled by such results the ICCT ran tests on a dynamometer. However, in these tests, the cars qualified with excellence. At that point, the ICCT contacted the EPA. This led to further investigations. The California Air Resources Board investigated Volkswagen in May 2014. Scientists of West Virginia University conducted the investigation. They performed emission tests from two Volkswagen models outfitted with the diesel engine turbocharged with four NOx cylinders. Results showed tha t during road tests, few cars discharged almost40 timesmore than the acceptable levels of nitrous oxide. Afterwards, Volkswagen became the object of regulatory investigations in multiple countriesand immediately after the news, the stock price of Volkswagen were knocked down by a third within a few days. As a result,Martin Winterkorn who is the CEO of Volkswagen groupgave resignation from his post. The company also suspended the brand development head of the company Heinz-Jakob Neusser, Porsche research and development head Wolfgang Hatz and Audi research and development head Ulrich Hackenber (Ewing, 2015). As a compensatory plan, Volkswagen announced that they will spend7.3 billion U.S dollars on repairing the emissions problems. However, later the amount increased to 18.32 billion $. Later on, they also gave plans of renovation for the affected vehicles. German prosecutors gave statement that,Mr. Winterkorn was under investigationfor exploitation because he had waited longer than needed to release that the company was facing an inquiry over the scandal of emission gate. On 19th July 2015,a public complaint was filed against chief executive; Matthias Mller on behalf of the New York attorney generalconnected(Crte, 2016). This scandal had reached the top level of Volkswagen management. This incident raised consciousness towards the increasing pollution levels caused by all vehicles. A joint study by ICCT andADACshowed the largest deviations from Volvo, Citron, Hyundai, Renault, Jeep and Fiatbecause of which, the diesel market fell considerably(Krall Peng, 2015). The high-level management personals faced huge legal and ethical issues due to this scandal. This incident broke many ethics and business rules. If we take this incident as an example to discuss upon the theories of managerial issue previously elaborated, we will find that this incident broke at least two of the four prime ethical theories of management. If we criticize this scandal from utilitarian approach then we will see that it was morally incorrect for the governing body of the company to cheat on particle emission tests. It violated many environmental treaties among countries. It contributed into causing major environmental pollution for which health issues can be generated. Environmental protection acts exists to serve not only an individuals needs but to protect the nature from harm. Moreover, the CEO of VW avoided the press release of the scandal in order to protect the integrity of the company leading to causing ignorance of the buyers. It broke consumers trust on the comp any and involved them into the crime they are committing towards government of several countries. This also raises questions regarding the morality of the managerial body. It was an unethical corporate action and cannot be attributed solely to a single manager. From the point of view of moral right approach, this scandal jeopardized the moral rights of the stakeholders. People who invested in the shares of the company suffered huge loss without knowing the reality of the situation. They broke buyers trust. From the stakeholders point of view it broke their right to free counsel, right of freedom of conscience as well as their right of life and safety. Apart from these two, this incident also violated the justice theory. As the company broke many rules and committed serious crimes by cheating in the fundamental tests run on vehicles in order for them to acquire permission to launch these vehicles. There are many ways of approaching an ethical dilemma and one strategy that is based on norms and values may be a good way. Among many approaches that are included in the normative approach, four approaches are relevant to managers for dealing with an ethical dilemma(Ford Richardson, 2013). The utilitarian approach or rule based theory dates back to eighteenth century and was first formulated by Jeremy Bentham. Later on John Stuart Mill redefined it(Nahavandi, 2016). The theory reflects upon the consequences of any action on the stakeholders. This theory avoids self-interest and considers interests of all persons affected by an action impartially. Parties who are affected by the result of any actions are stakeholders. This theory implemented when benefits needed to be maximized and overall harm is to be minimized for all the stakeholders. Utilitarian theory recognizes that trade-off is present during decision-making. It includes cost-benefit analysis while taking any decision(Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, 2015). The individualism theory states that, when any act promotes the individuals best long-term interests at that instance, that particular act is considered moral(Pullen Rhodes, 2015). A decisions goodness is calculated in order to determine the best long-term advantage to them. In theory, the greater good is achieved when people learn to help each other for their best personal interest. It is believed that individualism ultimately leads to integrity and honesty because in the end that results in best output. Therefore, this theory ultimately urges people to behave as such they want to receive from others. An important consideration towards this approach is that this theory projects towards short-term variations. This theory is unpopular in todays society as it argues for immediate self-gain(Guiso, Sapienza, Zingales, 2015). According to the moral rights theory, humans have elementary liberties that no way could be withdrawn by other peoples decision. Therefore, a choice that preserves right of all individuals related to an event of concern is said to be an ethical decision. There are six fundamental ethical rights that should be taken into account while making a choice during. First, the right to give approval freely states that any person should be treated as per their consent of free will. Second, the right to confidentiality concerns with the right of a person to abstain information about their private life. Third, the right of freedom of principles ensures that an Individual may abstain from abiding any order that violates their threatens their religious and ethical values. Fourth, the right of freedom of speech provides a person with right to criticize honestly the ethics or legality of other people actions. Fifth, the right of having unbiased decision entitles a person of having an unbiased hearin g and proper justice. Sixth, the right of life and security protects an individuals right to live a safe life and avoiding any situation that threatens it. It is important that managers understand these principles and do not interfere or violate these fundamental principles.(Bowen, 2013). The justice theory states that, moral choices must be taken based on the terms of equity, impartiality and fairness. Aristotle and Plato did the foundations of justice theory in the fifth century B.C. However, a significant contemporary contributor to this theory is John Rawls. Fairness, equity and impartiality are the major components of justice theory. There are three types of justice that concerns managers of any organization are; 1. distributive justice 2. procedural justice and 3. compensatory justice(Verssimo Lacerda, 2015). Distributive justice contemplates that difference in treatment towards people should not be based on random personality. Similar people concerning a decision should receive similar treatment. For example, gender bias should not reside in a work place. Female and male employees should receive similar salary if they perform similar duties. However, people who endowed with different jobs or if they have different skills, their salary may vary among them(van G ils, Van Quaquebeke, van Knippenberg, van Dijke, De Cremer, 2015). Procedural justice ensures fair administration of rules. Before enforcing any rule, it should be stated clearly and consistent as well as impartial enforcement should be done(Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Compensatory justice says that people who are responsible for any injustice or fault that have occurred must compensate for their actions. Moreover, people are not to be receiving punishment over matters one have no control(Asif, Searcy, Zutshi, Fisscher, 2013). Appreciating these approaches is a first step; managers will have to think of ways to implement them(Jin, Drozdenko, DeLoughy, 2013). These approaches present common principles that managers can be familiar with while making ethical decisions. The managers in the fraud in question, should have considered the the morals and ethics of the situation before committing such crimes. The situation demands for the managers to undergo procedural justice as well as compensatory justice. To certain extent, steps were taken in order to compensate for the losses the stakeholders suffered when VW announced to rebuild the engines. However, the agencies and the secondary consumers or the target customers were not compensated. The internal stakeholders who were not aware of the crimes the governing body was committing were also affected. In general, this scandal not only affected the justice system but also the entire society and more broadly it jeopardized the entire environment contributing to increase in global warming. The company deceived the society in so many ethical levels if we consider that when they were caught, VW officials denied what they did. Their unsympathetic attempt to compensate the people they deceived by presenting th em merely $1,000 and free of cost emergency roadside aid was not enough. According to Yotam Lurie who is a senior lecturer of business ethics at Ben-Gurion University in Israel it was acceptable for the software engineers to avoid their responsibility as professionals. Even if it was less efficient or economical, it was their liability to ensure safety, which in this case is the environmental safety. This scandal showed that ethics is just a word written in books that most people fail to follow. People are disobedient in nature. Agencies like the EPA enforce rules but professionals do their jobs in as they think is right as long as they do not get caught. It implies that it is okay to violate rules unless you are exposed. For such a fundamental systemic problem, there exists no particular solution. However, to prevent such scandals a routine study of ethics and principles for the leasers of the world is necessary. Volkswagen is not the first organization to commit such a felony and will not be that last one. Business and corporate ethics programs can outline the consequences of ethics violations so that one rethinks before committing such felony. Nearly all incidence of corporate felony, result in penalty but not criminal charges and prison sentences. The question is who will ensure that organizational or corporate decisions will be taken ethically? The burden always falls upon the leaders to enlighten the followers about morals and ethics. Here the leaders will not only be the leaders of the particular organization in question but also the government leaders as well. Leaders before taking any decision or passing judgment should analyze whether the decision or the judgment was ethical of not. In order to lead an organization in a just way it is important to have regards towards ethics and morals. Having principles and morals improves a persons character. For government leaders they have the responsibility to abide by law as well as law enforcement. Making strict laws against such felonies may ensure that these corporate organizations abide by ethics. A lot of companies and business organization face trouble because people have misunderstanding that, law or free will governs choices. People have a tendency to think presume that if something is not illegal, then it must be moral. However, ethics and morals have very different meaning from legality of any decision or situation. People must understand that there is a third domain that something could be legal and unethical at the same time. When values of an individual of values of a society are in conflict at that situation ethical dilemma arises. A person who is under the burden of taking moral decisions and implementing ethical decisions is the moral agent. These choices can be regarding personal choices, decisions to be taken for any organization or may be regarding society or any social issue. According to Friedman (2002), the only rule of business is to increase profit without jeopardizing any law or commit any fraud or scam(Christensen, Mackey, Whetten, 2014). Volkswagen did mislead both governmental agencies as well as customers. Here they did not abide by any laws, they broke environmental protection laws, and they cheated their customers as well as the society. They followed neither any law nor any ethics. For a brand of such a status, they have a responsibility towards world and society. Such brands tend to influence young minds. Leaders of such huge organizations tend to become role models for young minds. In order to bring a change in such cases a strong leader with morals and principals should be chosen to lead an organization. It would be the leaders responsibility to implement the ethical code to the employees so that the organization does not face such situation again. Government laws against such scandals should also be very strict. In these situations as mon ey tends to resolve matters it should be taken into account that this scenario ay influence young minds into thinking that it is okay to commit felony if they can pay their way out of legal proceedings. Laws regarding such issues need to be improvised. As a concluding not it can be added that, people need to apply moral and ethical codes in practical lives rather than just talking about it theoretically. Bibliography Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A., Fisscher, O. A. (2013). 14. Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, AAn integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility. Journal of cleaner production, , 7-17. Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J. S., Wozniak, D. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal. Bowen, H. R. (2013). Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press. Burki, T. K. (2015). Diesel cars and health: the Volkswagen emissions scandal. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3(11), 838-839. Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors. The Academy of Management Perspect, 164-178. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crte, R. (2016). The Volkswagen Scandal from the Viewpoint of Corporate Governance. Eur. J. Risk Reg., 7, 25. Ewing, J. (2015). Volkswagen says 11 million cars worldwide are affected in diesel deception. The New York Times, 22. New York: The New York Times. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R. C., Richardson, W. D. (2013). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. . In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics, Springer Netherlands., 19-44. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Griffin, R. W. (2013). Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2015). The value of corporate culture. . Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 60-76. Jin, K. G., Drozdenko, R., DeLoughy, S. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. Journal of business ethics, , 15-24. Krall, J. R., Peng, R. D. (2015). The Volkswagen scandal: Deception, driving and deaths. Significance, 12(6),, 12-15. Myers, M. D. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. sage. Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. . Pearson. Pullen, A., Rhodes, C. (2015). Ethics, embodiment and Organizations. Organization, 22(2), 159-165. Valentine, S., Fleischman, G., Godkin, L. (2015). Rogues in the ranks of selling organizations: Using corporate ethics to manage workplace bullying and job satisfaction. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,, 143-163. van Gils, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., van Knippenberg, D., van Dijke, M., De Cremer, D. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower organizational deviance: The moderating role of follower moral attentiveness. The Leadership Quarterly,, 190-203. Verssimo, J., Lacerda, T. (2015). Does integrity matter for CSR practice in organizations? The mediating role of transformational leadership. Business Ethics: A European Review,, 34-51. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. . Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Wotruba, T. R., Chonko, L. B., Loe, T. W. (2015). Wotruba, T. R.,How Do Codes of Ethics Affect Managerial Behavior? The Impact of FAmiliarity. In Proceedings of the 2000 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Springer International Publish, 430-430.